Topic 3-Infection and Response Flashcards
Give an example of fungal diseases
Rose blackspot
Explain some symptoms of rose black spot
Purple/black spots on leaves
Affects growth
Photosynthesis reduced
How is rose black spot treated and spread
Treated by fungicides or burning the leaves
Spread by wind and water
Explain how antibiotic resistance works?
Variation within a species causes some antibiotic resistant genes which reject antibiotics therefore causing only the antibiotic resistant genes to stay alive which then go on to reproduce
Name what type of disease malaria is
Protist
How does someone get malaria?
By a mosquito who is a vector, picking up the malarial protist whilst feeding on an infected plant. It inserts its new protist into an animal or humans blood vessels
What sort of disease is salmonella?
Bacterial
How do you get salmonella
It’s food poisoning caused by contaminated meat
Explain some symptoms of salmonella
Fever
Cramps
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Give a symptom of malaria
Fever which can be fatal
Is hiv a virus or bacterial infection
A virus
How is HIV spread
Sexual contact, sharing needles when taking drugs
How do we reduce malaria
Mosquito nets
Insecticides
How do we stop HIV in the early stages
Antiretroviral drugs which stop replication
Name some first layer of defence against pathogens features
Tears Skin Hydrochloride acid Cilla Saliva Mucus Trachea and bronchi
What does the skin do to prevent pathogens?
Produces antimicrobal secretions
Mucus?
Trap particles
Cilla hairs?
Waft mucus
Trachea and bronchi
Secrete mucus to trap pathogens
Small Man talks perfectly
Tears?
Produce enzymes called lysozyme
Where are white blood cells found?
In the bloodstream
What do white blood cells do?
Protect us from pathogens
Name the three things white blood cells do
Phagocytosis- engulfs nd digests the cell
Release anti toxins to react with the toxins
Release antibodies
Explain the antibody process
White blood cells release antibodies which lock on to antigens. The bacteria clumps together which is then engulfed by the white blood cell
Are viruses cells?
No
Name the two parts of a virus
DNA capsule and the base where the DNA is injected into the infected cell
How do the viruses damage the cell
Reproduce rapidly inside our bodies
Give examples of viruses
HIV
Measles
Tobacco mosaic
Ebola
Are viruses smaller or bigger than bacteria?
Smaller
What’s a protist?
A single called eukaryote
What are some fungi made of?
Hyphae
How does a virus reproduce?
It attaches itself to a specific host cell, the virus injects its genetic material into the host cell and then the host cell uses the genetic material to make new viruses. Then the host cell splits open, releasing viruses
Name the five parts of a bacterial cell
Cytoplasm DNA Cell wall Plasmid Flagellum
Cats and dogs can play catch
What do antibiotics kill?
Bacteria
How do bacteria get killed?
The antibiotics destroy the cell wall
Where is dna stored in the bacteria?
The nucleoid
How do bacteria reproduce?
Using binary fission and produce toxins
Give examples only communicable diseases
Colds
Flu
Malaria
Fungi
How are communicable diseases caused?
By pathogens and can be passed from one to another
What’s a pathogen?
A micro organism that causes disease
What do micro organisms need to grow?
Air
Warmth
Nutrients
What temperature will our body not reject micro organisms
Over 25 degrees
Why do micro organisms grow better on agar jelly?
It has the nutrients
What sort of disease is the measles
Viral
How is the measles spread?
Droplets of sneeze or cough
What symptoms does measles cause
Red skin rash
Fever
What an measles lead to
Pneumonia or encephalitis
Give some examples of drugs
Painkillers
Cold remedies
Antibiotics
Where do many drugs come from?
Plants
Do antibiotics destroy viruses
No- they don’t have a cell wall
What do painkillers and cold remidies do?
Reduce symptoms
How does vaccination work?
Injecting a small amount of bacteria/virus pathogen. Stimulate white blood cells to produce antibodies to fight pathogens
Do painkillers kill pathogens
No- they treat the symptoms
Foxgloves
Digitalis
Willow bark
Asprin
Mould and fungus
Penicillin
