Topic 3-Infection and Response

Question 1

Give an example of fungal diseases

Answer 1

Rose blackspot

Question 2

Explain some symptoms of rose black spot

Answer 2

Purple/black spots on leaves
Affects growth
Photosynthesis reduced

Question 3

How is rose black spot treated and spread

Answer 3

Treated by fungicides or burning the leaves

Spread by wind and water

Question 4

Explain how antibiotic resistance works?

Answer 4

Variation within a species causes some antibiotic resistant genes which reject antibiotics therefore causing only the antibiotic resistant genes to stay alive which then go on to reproduce

Question 5

Name what type of disease malaria is

Answer 5

Protist

Question 6

How does someone get malaria?

Answer 6

By a mosquito who is a vector, picking up the malarial protist whilst feeding on an infected plant. It inserts its new protist into an animal or humans blood vessels

Question 7

What sort of disease is salmonella?

Answer 7

Bacterial

Question 8

How do you get salmonella

Answer 8

It’s food poisoning caused by contaminated meat

Question 9

Explain some symptoms of salmonella

Answer 9

Fever
Cramps
Vomiting
Diarrhoea

Question 10

Give a symptom of malaria

Answer 10

Fever which can be fatal

Question 11

Is hiv a virus or bacterial infection

Answer 11

A virus

Question 12

How is HIV spread

Answer 12

Sexual contact, sharing needles when taking drugs

Question 13

How do we reduce malaria

Answer 13

Mosquito nets

Insecticides

Question 14

How do we stop HIV in the early stages

Answer 14

Antiretroviral drugs which stop replication

Question 15

Name some first layer of defence against pathogens features

Answer 15

Tears 
Skin
Hydrochloride acid
Cilla
Saliva
Mucus 
Trachea and bronchi

Question 16

What does the skin do to prevent pathogens?

Answer 16

Produces antimicrobal secretions

Question 17

Mucus?

Answer 17

Trap particles

Question 18

Cilla hairs?

Answer 18

Waft mucus

Question 19

Trachea and bronchi

Answer 19

Secrete mucus to trap pathogens

Small Man talks perfectly

Question 20

Tears?

Answer 20

Produce enzymes called lysozyme

Question 21

Where are white blood cells found?

Answer 21

In the bloodstream

Question 22

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 22

Protect us from pathogens

Question 23

Name the three things white blood cells do

Answer 23

Phagocytosis- engulfs nd digests the cell
Release anti toxins to react with the toxins
Release antibodies

Question 24

Explain the antibody process

Answer 24

White blood cells release antibodies which lock on to antigens. The bacteria clumps together which is then engulfed by the white blood cell

Question 25

Are viruses cells?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

Name the two parts of a virus

Answer 26

DNA capsule and the base where the DNA is injected into the infected cell

Question 27

How do the viruses damage the cell

Answer 27

Reproduce rapidly inside our bodies

Question 28

Give examples of viruses

Answer 28

HIV Measles Tobacco mosaic Ebola

Question 29

Are viruses smaller or bigger than bacteria?

Answer 29

Smaller

Question 30

What's a protist?

Answer 30

A single called eukaryote

Question 31

What are some fungi made of?

Answer 31

Hyphae

Question 32

How does a virus reproduce?

Answer 32

It attaches itself to a specific host cell, the virus injects its genetic material into the host cell and then the host cell uses the genetic material to make new viruses. Then the host cell splits open, releasing viruses

Question 33

Name the five parts of a bacterial cell

Answer 33

``` Cytoplasm DNA Cell wall Plasmid Flagellum ``` Cats and dogs can play catch

Question 34

What do antibiotics kill?

Answer 34

Bacteria

Question 35

How do bacteria get killed?

Answer 35

The antibiotics destroy the cell wall

Question 36

Where is dna stored in the bacteria?

Answer 36

The nucleoid

Question 37

How do bacteria reproduce?

Answer 37

Using binary fission and produce toxins

Question 38

Give examples only communicable diseases

Answer 38

Colds Flu Malaria Fungi

Question 39

How are communicable diseases caused?

Answer 39

By pathogens and can be passed from one to another

Question 40

What's a pathogen?

Answer 40

A micro organism that causes disease

Question 41

What do micro organisms need to grow?

Answer 41

Air Warmth Nutrients

Question 42

What temperature will our body not reject micro organisms

Answer 42

Over 25 degrees

Question 43

Why do micro organisms grow better on agar jelly?

Answer 43

It has the nutrients

Question 44

What sort of disease is the measles

Answer 44

Viral

Question 45

How is the measles spread?

Answer 45

Droplets of sneeze or cough

Question 46

What symptoms does measles cause

Answer 46

Red skin rash | Fever

Question 47

What an measles lead to

Answer 47

Pneumonia or encephalitis

Question 48

Give some examples of drugs

Answer 48

Painkillers Cold remedies Antibiotics

Question 49

Where do many drugs come from?

Answer 49

Plants

Question 50

Do antibiotics destroy viruses

Answer 50

No- they don't have a cell wall

Question 51

What do painkillers and cold remidies do?

Answer 51

Reduce symptoms

Question 52

How does vaccination work?

Answer 52

Injecting a small amount of bacteria/virus pathogen. Stimulate white blood cells to produce antibodies to fight pathogens

Question 53

Do painkillers kill pathogens

Answer 53

No- they treat the symptoms

Question 54

Foxgloves

Answer 54

Digitalis

Question 55

Willow bark

Answer 55

Asprin

Question 56

Mould and fungus

Answer 56

Penicillin