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BIOLOGY-EVIE > Topic 3-Infection and Response > Flashcards

Topic 3-Infection and Response Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Give an example of fungal diseases

A

Rose blackspot

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2
Q

Explain some symptoms of rose black spot

A

Purple/black spots on leaves
Affects growth
Photosynthesis reduced

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3
Q

How is rose black spot treated and spread

A

Treated by fungicides or burning the leaves

Spread by wind and water

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4
Q

Explain how antibiotic resistance works?

A

Variation within a species causes some antibiotic resistant genes which reject antibiotics therefore causing only the antibiotic resistant genes to stay alive which then go on to reproduce

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5
Q

Name what type of disease malaria is

A

Protist

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6
Q

How does someone get malaria?

A

By a mosquito who is a vector, picking up the malarial protist whilst feeding on an infected plant. It inserts its new protist into an animal or humans blood vessels

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7
Q

What sort of disease is salmonella?

A

Bacterial

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8
Q

How do you get salmonella

A

It’s food poisoning caused by contaminated meat

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9
Q

Explain some symptoms of salmonella

A

Fever
Cramps
Vomiting
Diarrhoea

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10
Q

Give a symptom of malaria

A

Fever which can be fatal

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11
Q

Is hiv a virus or bacterial infection

A

A virus

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12
Q

How is HIV spread

A

Sexual contact, sharing needles when taking drugs

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13
Q

How do we reduce malaria

A

Mosquito nets

Insecticides

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14
Q

How do we stop HIV in the early stages

A

Antiretroviral drugs which stop replication

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15
Q

Name some first layer of defence against pathogens features

A 
Tears 
Skin
Hydrochloride acid
Cilla
Saliva
Mucus 
Trachea and bronchi
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16
Q

What does the skin do to prevent pathogens?

A

Produces antimicrobal secretions

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17
Q

Mucus?

A

Trap particles

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18
Q

Cilla hairs?

A

Waft mucus

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19
Q

Trachea and bronchi

A

Secrete mucus to trap pathogens

Small Man talks perfectly

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20
Q

Tears?

A

Produce enzymes called lysozyme

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21
Q

Where are white blood cells found?

A

In the bloodstream

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22
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Protect us from pathogens

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23
Q

Name the three things white blood cells do

A

Phagocytosis- engulfs nd digests the cell
Release anti toxins to react with the toxins
Release antibodies

24
Q

Explain the antibody process

A

White blood cells release antibodies which lock on to antigens. The bacteria clumps together which is then engulfed by the white blood cell

25
Q

Are viruses cells?

A

No

26
Q

Name the two parts of a virus

A

DNA capsule and the base where the DNA is injected into the infected cell

27
Q

How do the viruses damage the cell

A

Reproduce rapidly inside our bodies

28
Q

Give examples of viruses

A

HIV
Measles
Tobacco mosaic
Ebola

29
Q

Are viruses smaller or bigger than bacteria?

A

Smaller

30
Q

What’s a protist?

A

A single called eukaryote

31
Q

What are some fungi made of?

A

Hyphae

32
Q

How does a virus reproduce?

A

It attaches itself to a specific host cell, the virus injects its genetic material into the host cell and then the host cell uses the genetic material to make new viruses. Then the host cell splits open, releasing viruses

33
Q

Name the five parts of a bacterial cell

A 
Cytoplasm 
DNA
Cell wall
Plasmid
Flagellum

Cats and dogs can play catch

34
Q

What do antibiotics kill?

A

Bacteria

35
Q

How do bacteria get killed?

A

The antibiotics destroy the cell wall

36
Q

Where is dna stored in the bacteria?

A

The nucleoid

37
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

Using binary fission and produce toxins

38
Q

Give examples only communicable diseases

A

Colds
Flu
Malaria
Fungi

39
Q

How are communicable diseases caused?

A

By pathogens and can be passed from one to another

40
Q

What’s a pathogen?

A

A micro organism that causes disease

41
Q

What do micro organisms need to grow?

A

Air
Warmth
Nutrients

42
Q

What temperature will our body not reject micro organisms

A

Over 25 degrees

43
Q

Why do micro organisms grow better on agar jelly?

A

It has the nutrients

44
Q

What sort of disease is the measles

A

Viral

45
Q

How is the measles spread?

A

Droplets of sneeze or cough

46
Q

What symptoms does measles cause

A

Red skin rash

Fever

47
Q

What an measles lead to

A

Pneumonia or encephalitis

48
Q

Give some examples of drugs

A

Painkillers
Cold remedies
Antibiotics

49
Q

Where do many drugs come from?

A

Plants

50
Q

Do antibiotics destroy viruses

A

No- they don’t have a cell wall

51
Q

What do painkillers and cold remidies do?

A

Reduce symptoms

52
Q

How does vaccination work?

A

Injecting a small amount of bacteria/virus pathogen. Stimulate white blood cells to produce antibodies to fight pathogens

53
Q

Do painkillers kill pathogens

A

No- they treat the symptoms

54
Q

Foxgloves

A

Digitalis

55
Q

Willow bark

A

Asprin

56
Q

Mould and fungus

A

Penicillin

BIOLOGY-EVIE (8 decks)

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