Topic 3- Infection and Response Flashcards
What are 3 viral diseases?
measles- spread by droplets- develop a red skin rash and fever
HIV- spread by sexual contact- causes flu like symptoms
TMV- spread by touch- causes mosaic pattern on leaves which affects ability to grow
What is an example of a fungal disease?
rose black spot- causes black spots to develop on leaves which stunts growth
What is an example of a protist disease?
malaria-spread my mosquitoes- can be prevented by mosquito net5s
What are 2 examples of bacterial diseases?
salmonella-food poisioning-fevers, cramps, vomiting-can get it by eating contaminated food
gonhorrea- sexual contact- caused by bacteria- treated with penicillin
What are 4 ways we can prevent disease?
be hygienic
destroying vectors (insects)
isolating infected people
vaccination
How does your body act as a defence mechanism to pathogens?
skin acts as barrier
hair and mucus trap pathogens
trachea secretes mucus to trap pathogens
cilla waft the mucus to the back of the throat
stomach produces hydrochloric acid which kills pathogens
What is phagocytosis?
white blood cells consuming foreign cells and digesting them
what are the pros of vaccines?
help prevent epidermics
help controll diseases
What are the cons of vaccines?
they dont always work
you can sometimes have a bad reaction like swelling
What do painkillers do?
relive pain
What do antibiotics do?
kill the bacteria causing the problem
Can antibiotics kill virusses?
nooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
why do bacteria mutate?
to become ressistent to antibiotics if we overuse them
What is the first stage of drug testing?
tested on human cells and tissues in a lab
What is the 2nd stage of drug testing?
Tested on live animals to discover toxicity
What is the third stage of drug testing?
tested on human voulenteers in a placebo trial to check if it works
Whats it called when a doctor and patient dont know whats what?
double blind trial
what are monoclonal antibodies?
Identical antibodies
how do we make monoclonal antibodies?
combine b-lymphosytes with cancer cells to produce an antibody that will only bind to one target
what are monoclonal antibodies used in?
pregnancy tests
how can monoclonal antibodies be used to treat diseases?
they can bind to specific cells but not kill other cdells and can be used to treat cancer
why aren’t monoclonal antibodies widely used?
that have side effects like fevers and vomiting
what are plants physical defences for disease?
waxy cuticle stops pathogens entering
bark on trees stops pathogens entering
what are some chemical defences for plants?
some produce antibacterial chemicals which kill bacterial
