Topic 3- Infection and Response

Question 1

What are 3 viral diseases?

Answer 1

measles- spread by droplets- develop a red skin rash and fever
HIV- spread by sexual contact- causes flu like symptoms
TMV- spread by touch- causes mosaic pattern on leaves which affects ability to grow

Question 2

What is an example of a fungal disease?

Answer 2

rose black spot- causes black spots to develop on leaves which stunts growth

Question 3

What is an example of a protist disease?

Answer 3

malaria-spread my mosquitoes- can be prevented by mosquito net5s

Question 4

What are 2 examples of bacterial diseases?

Answer 4

salmonella-food poisioning-fevers, cramps, vomiting-can get it by eating contaminated food
gonhorrea- sexual contact- caused by bacteria- treated with penicillin

Question 5

What are 4 ways we can prevent disease?

Answer 5

be hygienic
destroying vectors (insects)
isolating infected people
vaccination

Question 6

How does your body act as a defence mechanism to pathogens?

Answer 6

skin acts as barrier
hair and mucus trap pathogens
trachea secretes mucus to trap pathogens
cilla waft the mucus to the back of the throat
stomach produces hydrochloric acid which kills pathogens

Question 7

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 7

white blood cells consuming foreign cells and digesting them

Question 8

what are the pros of vaccines?

Answer 8

help prevent epidermics

help controll diseases

Question 9

What are the cons of vaccines?

Answer 9

they dont always work

you can sometimes have a bad reaction like swelling

Question 10

What do painkillers do?

Answer 10

relive pain

Question 11

What do antibiotics do?

Answer 11

kill the bacteria causing the problem

Question 12

Can antibiotics kill virusses?

Answer 12

nooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

Question 13

why do bacteria mutate?

Answer 13

to become ressistent to antibiotics if we overuse them

Question 14

What is the first stage of drug testing?

Answer 14

tested on human cells and tissues in a lab

Question 15

What is the 2nd stage of drug testing?

Answer 15

Tested on live animals to discover toxicity

Question 16

What is the third stage of drug testing?

Answer 16

tested on human voulenteers in a placebo trial to check if it works

Question 17

Whats it called when a doctor and patient dont know whats what?

Answer 17

double blind trial

Question 18

what are monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 18

Identical antibodies

Question 19

how do we make monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 19

combine b-lymphosytes with cancer cells to produce an antibody that will only bind to one target

Question 20

what are monoclonal antibodies used in?

Answer 20

pregnancy tests

Question 21

how can monoclonal antibodies be used to treat diseases?

Answer 21

they can bind to specific cells but not kill other cdells and can be used to treat cancer

Question 22

why aren’t monoclonal antibodies widely used?

Answer 22

that have side effects like fevers and vomiting

Question 23

what are plants physical defences for disease?

Answer 23

waxy cuticle stops pathogens entering

bark on trees stops pathogens entering

Question 24

what are some chemical defences for plants?

Answer 24

some produce antibacterial chemicals which kill bacterial

Question 25

what are some mechanical defences for plants?

Answer 25

thorns and hairs stop other animals from eating them