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GCSE Biology- AQA > Topic 2- Organisation > Flashcards

Topic 2- Organisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What are cells?

A

the basic building blocks of all liviong things

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2
Q

What is a tissue?

A

a group of cells

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3
Q

what is an organ?

A

a group of tissues working together to perform a specific function

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4
Q

What is an organ system?

A

a group of organs working together to perform a specific function

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5
Q

what are 3 different types of tissue?

A

muscular
glandular
epithelial

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6
Q

what is an example of an organ system?

A

respiratory system

digestive system

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7
Q

What do organ system work together to form?

A

organisms

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8
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

a biological catalyst that increases the speed of a reaction

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9
Q

Is a catylyst used up?

A

no

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10
Q

What does a group of epithelial tissues make?

A

the stomach

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11
Q

What do anabolic catalysts do?

A

join things together

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12
Q

What do catabolic catalysts do?

A

break things apart

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13
Q

Why are enzymes specific?

A

active sites have a unique shape so can only catalyse one reaction

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14
Q

What is the ideal temperature for enzymes?

A

40 degrees c

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15
Q

What happens if en enzyme exceeds 40 degrees?

A

the bonds holding the enzyme together break and the enzyme becomes denatured

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16
Q

Do enzymes have an optimum ph?

A

yes

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17
Q

What is normally the optimum ph of enzymes?

A

7/ neutral

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18
Q

What enzymes works best at ph 2?

A

pepsin which is found in the stomach

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19
Q

What is the equation to work out the rate of reaction?

A

1000/time

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20
Q

What is a communicable disease?

A

an illness that can spread from person to person

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21
Q

What is a non communicable disease?

A

an illness that cannot spread

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22
Q

What increases the risk of cancer?

A

smoking
obesity
uv exposure
viral infection

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23
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

the liver

24
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

the gall bladder

25
Q

What does bile do to fats?

A

it emulsifies them and breaks them into small droplets

26
Q

What does bile do to the small intestine?

A

makes it alkaline so certain enzymes can work

27
Q

What does amylase do?

A

converts starch into maltose

28
Q

What does protease do?

A

convert proteins into amino acids

29
Q

What does lipase do?

A

convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

30
Q

What is used to test for sugars?

A

blue benedicts

31
Q

What is used to test for starch?

A

iodine soloution

32
Q

What is used to test for proteins?

A

biuret test

33
Q

`What is used to test for lipids?

A

sudan 3

34
Q

what will happen to benedicts if sugar is present?

A

it changes from blue to green yellow or red depending on strength

35
Q

What will happen to iodine if starch is present?

A

it will go a bluey black

36
Q

What will happen to biuret if protein is present?

A

it will change from pink to purple

37
Q

What will happen to sudan 3 if lipids are present?

A

a bright red layer will form on top

38
Q

how many chambers does the heart have?

A

4

39
Q

which 2 chambers are on the top?

A

the atriums

40
Q

why is the right side of the heart on the left?

A

its the persons right side of his heart but we look the other way

41
Q

what does the right ventricle do

A

pump oxygenated blood to the lungs to take in oxygen

42
Q

How are arteries adapted for carrying blood?

A

thick walls can carry blood under preassure

43
Q

How are capillaries adapted for carrying blood?

A

the walls are 1 cell thick so substances can be exchanged easier

44
Q

How are veins adapted for carrying blood?

A

large lumen and valves help blood flow even when there is low pressure and keep it flowing in the right direction

45
Q

How are red blood cells adapted?

A

concave shape provides them with a large surface area for absorbing oxygen

46
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

help blood clot to prevent microorganisms getting in

47
Q

What is transpiration?

A

the loss of water from a plant

48
Q

How are guard cells adapted?

A

they open and close stomata to control water loss within a plant

49
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of stents?

A

keeps arteries
lowers risk of heart attack
quick recovery time

requires surgery

50
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of statins?

A

reduces bad cholestral

long term drug
negative side effects
takes time to work

51
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of an artificial heart?

A

less likely to be rejected
can keep a patient alive

sometimes leads to bleeding and infection

52
Q

What is cancer caused by?

A

the uncontrolled growth and division of cells

53
Q

What is a benign tumour?

A

a tumour that stays in one place and isnt as dangerous

54
Q

What is a malignant tumour?

A

a tumour that grows and spreads to nearby healthy tissue. they create secondary tumours

55
Q

Describe the path that air takes through the body

A

trachea, bronchi, broncholes, alveoli

GCSE Biology- AQA (7 decks)

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