Topic 3 - Exchange of Substances Flashcards
Alveoli
Small air sacs found in the lungs at the end of bronchioles which provide a large surface area for gas exchange.
Amylases
A class of enzymes that hydrolyze polysaccharides.
Antiporter
A membrane protein involved in the cotransport of molecules in opposite directions.
Aorta
The main artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart at high pressure.
Arteriole
A smaller type of blood vessel that connects arteries with capillaries.
Artery
A type of blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
Atrium
A type of chamber in the heart which receives blood directly from a vein and passes it on to a ventricle.
Bile Salts
Molecules found in the small intestine that assist in the coagulation of lipids, increasing the lipid surface area for breakdown.
Bronchi
The two airways branching out from the trachea and lead to the smaller bronchioles.
Bronchioles
Small airways which branch out from the bronchi and end at the alveoli.
Capillary
A very small blood vessel with thin walls and a small diameter used for substance exchange in tissues.
Capillary Bed
A network of many different capillaries that supply the tissues with blood.
Coronary Artery
The main artery that supplies the heart tissue with blood.
Co-Transport
A type of membrane transport mechanism involving two different molecules moving across a cell membrane.
Diaphragm
A large sheet of muscle below the lungs used to reduce and increase the lung capacity to create pressure changes necessary for ventilation.
Endopeptidase
A class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds within polypeptides.
Exopeptidases
A class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds at the end of proteins (e.g. between the penultimate and last amino acid in the polypeptide).
External Intercostal Muscle
A set of muscles found between the ribs on the outside that
are involved in forced and quiet inhalation.
Gill Filaments
Small divisions of the gills in fish that extend off the gill arch.
Gill Lamellae
Small protrusions on the gill filaments designed to increase the surface area available for gas exchange.