Topic 3 - Diagnosis of infectious diseases, treatment of animals having infectious diseases. Flashcards
What is meant by diagnostics of infectious disease?
It is a complex procedure.
First we do a preliminary diagnosis, then we have targeted laboratory exams.
What are the preliminary diagnosis?
We use:
1. Epidemiological data
2. Clinical signs: allergic reactions
3. Post mortem lesions
Which type of targeted laboraty examinations do we have?
direct and indirect
What is meant by direct methods of laboratory examinations?
the direct detection of the agent
What is meant by indirect methods of laboratory examinations?
There are antibodies and immune reactions
Name the specific methods that are direct:
- Microscopic examination
- Isolation
- Antigen detection
- Nucleic acid detection
Which Methods falls under “isolation”?
Medium ,culture
Which Methods falls under “antigen detection”?
- Immunoflourescence
- ELISA
- Electrophoresis
Which Methods falls under “nucleic acid detection”?
- PCR
- DNA
- Hybridisation
Name the specific methods that are indirect:
- Serological tests
- Cellular test
What type of serological test are there?
- Classical
- Virus serology
- marked immunological methods
Name examples of “classical” under serological tests:
- Agglutination
- Precipitation
- PAGE
Name examples of “virus serology” under serological tests:
- Virus neutralisation
- HAI
Name examples of “marked immunological methods” under serological tests:
- IF
- ELISA
- RIA
- IRMA
What type of cellular test are there?
- Allergic tests
- Lymphocyte stimulation test
- Immune rosette formation
- Cytotoxic reaction
- Gamma interferon test
Name some characteristics of the laboratory diagnostic tests
We have sensitivity and specificity
What is “sensitivity”?
The ability of a test to correctly identify patient with a disease
What is “specificity”?
The ability of a test to correctly identify people without the disease
What are the laboratory examination influenced by?
- Amount and antigenicity of the agent
- Phase of the pathogenesis
What type of treatment do we have for infected animals?
1 Aetiological treatment
2. Symptomatic treatment
3. Prevention of complications
4. Elimination of predisposing factors
What is Aetiological treatment?
Finds the cause and is treated accordingly.
Bacteria: Antibiotics
Virus: Antiviral treatment
Hyperimmune serum
What is hyperimmune serum?
the animals are given antibodies to reach the passive immunity more quickly.
What is Symptomatic treatment?
Therapy that eases the symptoms without addressing the basic cause of the disease
Can have either individual or mass level
How can we prevent complications of a disease?
Given antibiotics to prevent a secondary infection
