Topic 3 - Diagnosis of infectious diseases, treatment of animals having infectious diseases.

Question 1

What is meant by diagnostics of infectious disease?

Answer 1

It is a complex procedure.
First we do a preliminary diagnosis, then we have targeted laboratory exams.

Question 2

What are the preliminary diagnosis?

Answer 2

We use:
1. Epidemiological data
2. Clinical signs: allergic reactions
3. Post mortem lesions

Question 3

Which type of targeted laboraty examinations do we have?

Answer 3

direct and indirect

Question 4

What is meant by direct methods of laboratory examinations?

Answer 4

the direct detection of the agent

Question 5

What is meant by indirect methods of laboratory examinations?

Answer 5

There are antibodies and immune reactions

Question 6

Name the specific methods that are direct:

Answer 6

1. Microscopic examination
2. Isolation
3. Antigen detection
4. Nucleic acid detection

Question 7

Which Methods falls under “isolation”?

Answer 7

Medium ,culture

Question 8

Which Methods falls under “antigen detection”?

Answer 8

1. Immunoflourescence
2. ELISA
3. Electrophoresis

Question 9

Which Methods falls under “nucleic acid detection”?

Answer 9

1. PCR
2. DNA
3. Hybridisation

Question 10

Name the specific methods that are indirect:

Answer 10

1. Serological tests
2. Cellular test

Question 11

What type of serological test are there?

Answer 11

1. Classical
2. Virus serology
3. marked immunological methods

Question 12

Name examples of “classical” under serological tests:

Answer 12

1. Agglutination
2. Precipitation
3. PAGE

Question 13

Name examples of “virus serology” under serological tests:

Answer 13

1. Virus neutralisation
2. HAI

Question 14

Name examples of “marked immunological methods” under serological tests:

Answer 14

1. IF
2. ELISA
3. RIA
4. IRMA

Question 15

What type of cellular test are there?

Answer 15

1. Allergic tests
2. Lymphocyte stimulation test
3. Immune rosette formation
4. Cytotoxic reaction
5. Gamma interferon test

Question 16

Name some characteristics of the laboratory diagnostic tests

Answer 16

We have sensitivity and specificity

Question 17

What is “sensitivity”?

Answer 17

The ability of a test to correctly identify patient with a disease

Question 18

What is “specificity”?

Answer 18

The ability of a test to correctly identify people without the disease

Question 19

What are the laboratory examination influenced by?

Answer 19

1. Amount and antigenicity of the agent
2. Phase of the pathogenesis

Question 20

What type of treatment do we have for infected animals?

Answer 20

1 Aetiological treatment
2. Symptomatic treatment
3. Prevention of complications
4. Elimination of predisposing factors

Question 21

What is Aetiological treatment?

Answer 21

Finds the cause and is treated accordingly.

Bacteria: Antibiotics
Virus: Antiviral treatment
Hyperimmune serum

Question 22

What is hyperimmune serum?

Answer 22

the animals are given antibodies to reach the passive immunity more quickly.

Question 23

What is Symptomatic treatment?

Answer 23

Therapy that eases the symptoms without addressing the basic cause of the disease

Can have either individual or mass level

Question 24

How can we prevent complications of a disease?

Answer 24

Given antibiotics to prevent a secondary infection

Question 25

Why are some diseases not allowed to treat? Give an example of such disease.

Answer 25

Because if treated the asymptomatic carriers are formed and the disease is spread

Example: Brucellosis