Topic 3- Communicable diseases

Question 1

What are pathogens?

Answer 1

Pathogens are microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease.

Question 2

What are bacteria?

Answer 2

Very small cells that reproduce rapidly inside your body. They make you feel ill by producing toxins that damage your cells and tissues.

Question 3

What are viruses?

Answer 3

Viruses are not cells. They are tiny they live inside cells and replicate themselves using the cell’s machinery. Eventually the cells burst releasing all the new viruses. The cell damage is what causes illlness.

Question 4

What is a vector?

Answer 4

An organism that carries disease from one organism to another.

Question 5

What is an example of a pathogen spread through water?

Answer 5

Cholera

Question 6

What is an example of a pathogen spread through air?

Answer 6

Influenza

Question 7

What is an example of a pathogen spread through direct contact?

Answer 7

Athlete’s foot

Question 8

What is an example of a pathogen spread through sexual contact?

Answer 8

HIV, gonorrhea

Question 9

What type of pathogen is measles?

Answer 9

Virus

Question 10

What type of pathogen is HIV?

Answer 10

Virus

Question 11

What type of pathogen is tobacco mosaic virus?

Answer 11

Virus

Question 12

What type of pathogen is rose black spot?

Answer 12

Fungus

Question 13

What type of pathogen is malaria?

Answer 13

Protist

Question 14

What type of pathogen is salmonella?

Answer 14

Bacteria

Question 15

What type of pathogen is gonorrhea?

Answer 15

Bacteria

Question 16

What are the symptoms of measles?

Answer 16

Red skin rash, sneezing and fever.

Question 17

What are the symptoms of HIV?

Answer 17

Initially, the person experiences flu-like symptoms for a few weeks. Usually they then don’t experience any symptoms for several years. The virus attacks the immune cells leading to AIDs.

Question 18

What are the symptoms of tobacco mosaic virus?

Answer 18

Causes a mosaic pattern to form on the leaves. The leaves become discolored causing the plant to be unable to carry out photosynthesis well resulting in stunted growth.

Question 19

What are the symptoms of rose black spot?

Answer 19

Purple/black spots on leaves of rose plants. Leaves turn yellow and wilt causing stunted growth.

Question 20

What are the symptoms of malaria?

Answer 20

Repeating episodes of fever.

Question 21

What are the symptoms of salmonella?

Answer 21

Fever, stomach cramp, vomiting and diarrhoea.

Question 22

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

Answer 22

Pain when urinating, thick yellow discharge.

Question 23

What is chlorosis?

Answer 23

Loss of colour in leaves of plants.

Question 24

What is a treatment for tobacco mosaic virus?

Answer 24

Removal of weeds, infected plants and disinfection of all tools.

Question 25

How do aphids cause infection and problems in plants?

Answer 25

Aphids lower turgor pressure causing wilting and their saliva can carry viruses into the plant's phloem.

Question 26

What is a treatment for aphids attacking plants?

Answer 26

Natural predators (e.g. ladybirds) and insecticides.

Question 27

What is a treatment for rose black spot?

Answer 27

Fungicides and stripping the plant of infected leaves.

Question 28

What does nitrogen deficiency in plants cause?

Answer 28

Yellow leaves and stunted growth.

Question 29

What does phosphorus deficiency in plants cause?

Answer 29

Poor root growth and dull yellow leaves.

Question 30

What is a prevention for malaria?

Answer 30

Protect people from mosquitos (anti bug sprays).

Question 31

What is a prevention for measles?

Answer 31

Vaccination.

Question 32

What is a treatment for HIV?

Answer 32

Antiretroviral drugs when caught early to stop the virus from replicating in the body and barrier contraception.

Question 33

What is a treatment for salmonella?

Answer 33

Vaccinate animals against salmonella (poultry), cook in a sanitary way.

Question 34

What is a treatment and prevention for gonorrhea?

Answer 34

Barrier method contraception, antibiotics.

Question 35

What are the mechanical defenses of plants?

Answer 35

Hairs to deter lavae from feeding and grind down herbivores' teeth, mimosa's leaves curl when touched, mimicry, thorns.

Question 36

What are the physical defenses of plants?

Answer 36

Tough waxy leaf cuticles, barriers preventing microbes entering plant (like bark).

Question 37

What are the chemical defenses of plants?

Answer 37

Can create unpleasant taste, create poison.

Question 38

Why do people pour oil over ponds where malaria is present?

Answer 38

Because mosquitos lay eggs on stagnant water.