topic 3 - back & suboccipital Flashcards
differet types of movements if the muscle is even
- uni contraction
- bilateral contraction
homolateral movement
movement on the same side where the muscle is
controlateral movement
movement on the other side of where the muscle is
types of muscles of the back
extrinsic muscles
intermediate muscle
intrinsic muscle
extrinsic muscles
muscles that join the upper extremity with the trunk
ex. trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid and levator scapula
intermediate muscle
consists of two thin muscular sheets in the superior and inferior regions of the back
ex. serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior
intrinsic muscles - 3
- fixed on the vertebrae or ribs
- preform movements of the spine
- located in three layers: superficial, medium, deep layers
what muscle, type
trapezius
superficial muscle
what muscle, type
levator scapulae muscle
superficial muscle
what muscle, type
lattisimus dorsi
superficial muscle
what muscle, type
rhomboid major
superficial muscle
what muscle, and type
rhomboid minor
superficial muscle
what muscle and type
serratus posterior inferior
intermiedate (respitory muscles)
what muscle and type
serratus posterior superior
intermiedate (respiratory muscles)
thorocolumbar fascia
It lines the muscles of the vertebral canals in the chest and lumbar region. Medially it is fixed in the thoracochal lumbar spinous processes and laterally in the angle of the ribs.
thorocolumbar fascia 3 layers
In the lumbar region it is formed by three leaves:
- posterior layer,
- middle layer,
- anterior layer
name, type, o, i, how it differs
name: splenius muscle
type: superficial layer
origin: spinous process of the lower cervical vertebrae and T1
insertion: Occipital bone and mastoid process of the temporal (splenium of the head)
differs: splenium of the head and splenium of the neck
what is this
ligamentum nuchae
what is this muscle
splenius captis muscle
what muscle
levator scapulae
what muscle
splenius cervicis
Erector spinae group: - 3
- Iliocostalis
- longissimus
- spinous
what muscle is this, types of this muscle
Iliocostalis muscles
types:
* Iliocostalis cervicis
* Iliocostal thoracis
* Iliocostalis lumborum
what muscle is this, types of this muscle
longissimus muscle
types:
* Longissimus capitis
* Longissimus cervicis
* Longissimus thoracis
what muscle, when is it visible - 3
- Spinalis
- usually only recognizable at the thoracic level
- extends between the spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae
deep layer muscles of the vertebral canal
what is this
interspinalis
what is this
rotator longus
what is this
rotator brevis
Interspinous - 3
- They join spinous processes of two neighboring vertebrae
- They are located on the sides of the interspinous ligaments
- They can intervene in the extension of the spine
intertransversarius - 5
- Located between the transverse processes. They belong to the lateral tract.
- At the cervical level there are two intertransverse muscles on each side.
- Poorly developed in the dorsal segment.
- Innervated by anterior branches of spinal nerves.
- They can participate in the lateral inclinations of the spine.
Levatores Costarum - 3
- Arise from the tranverse processes of vertebrae CVII and TI to TXI.
- They have an oblique lateral and downward direction and insert into the rib below the vertebra of origin in the area of the tubercle.
- Contraction elevates the ribs
Function of interspinous and intertransverse muscles - 4
- stabilize the vertebrae during spinal movements
- interspinalis can intervene in the extension
- intertransversarius in the lateral inclinations
- ideal for fine motor control of the axial skeleton. Because these muscles possess a relatively high density of muscle spindles, provide the nervous system & other muscles a lot of sensory feedback
Transverspinous group
and where they are located
- Short rotator:
Transverse process > lamina of c1 - Long rotator:
Transverse process > lamina of c2 - Multifidus:
Transverse process > base of the Spinous process of c3 or c4 - Semispinalis
Transverse process > vertex of the spinous process separated by more than 4 vertebrae
MUSCLES OF THE SUBOCCIPITAL
REGION
▪ RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR
▪ RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR
▪ OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR
▪ OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR
what muscle
RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR
what muscle is this
RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR
what muscle
OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR
what muscle
OBLIQUUS CAPITIS INFERIOR
what is this and what group is it part of
- posterior ramus of c1
- part of SUBOCCIPITAL GROUP
what is this and where
what: anterior root
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT
DIVISION
what & where
what: posterior root
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT
DIVISION
what & where
what: sympathetic ganglon
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT
DIVISION
what & where
what: gray and white rami communicantes
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT DIVISION
what and where
what: anterior ramus (intercostal nerve)
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT DIVISION
what and where
what: posterior ramus
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT DIVISION
what and where
what: medial branch
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT
DIVISION
what and where
what: lateral branch
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT
DIVISION
what and where
what: posterior cutanoes branch
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT
DIVISION
name
diagram
