topic 3 - back & suboccipital

Question 1

differet types of movements if the muscle is even

Answer 1

• uni contraction
• bilateral contraction

Question 2

homolateral movement

Answer 2

movement on the same side where the muscle is

Question 3

controlateral movement

Answer 3

movement on the other side of where the muscle is

Question 4

types of muscles of the back

Answer 4

extrinsic muscles
intermediate muscle
intrinsic muscle

Question 5

extrinsic muscles

Answer 5

muscles that join the upper extremity with the trunk
ex. trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid and levator scapula

Question 6

intermediate muscle

Answer 6

consists of two thin muscular sheets in the superior and inferior regions of the back
ex. serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior

Question 7

intrinsic muscles - 3

Answer 7

• fixed on the vertebrae or ribs
• preform movements of the spine
• located in three layers: superficial, medium, deep layers

Question 8

what muscle, type

Answer 8

trapezius
superficial muscle

Question 9

what muscle, type

Answer 9

levator scapulae muscle
superficial muscle

Question 10

what muscle, type

Answer 10

lattisimus dorsi
superficial muscle

Question 11

what muscle, type

Answer 11

rhomboid major
superficial muscle

Question 12

what muscle, and type

Answer 12

rhomboid minor
superficial muscle

Question 13

what muscle and type

Answer 13

serratus posterior inferior
intermiedate (respitory muscles)

Question 14

what muscle and type

Answer 14

serratus posterior superior
intermiedate (respiratory muscles)

Question 15

thorocolumbar fascia

Answer 15

It lines the muscles of the vertebral canals in the chest and lumbar region. Medially it is fixed in the thoracochal lumbar spinous processes and laterally in the angle of the ribs.

Question 16

thorocolumbar fascia 3 layers

Answer 16

In the lumbar region it is formed by three leaves:
- posterior layer,
- middle layer,
- anterior layer

Question 17

name, type, o, i, how it differs

Answer 17

name: splenius muscle
type: superficial layer
origin: spinous process of the lower cervical vertebrae and T1
insertion: Occipital bone and mastoid process of the temporal (splenium of the head)
differs: splenium of the head and splenium of the neck

Question 18

what is this

Answer 18

ligamentum nuchae

Question 19

what is this muscle

Answer 19

splenius captis muscle

Question 20

what muscle

Answer 20

levator scapulae

Question 21

what muscle

Answer 21

splenius cervicis

Question 22

Erector spinae group: - 3

Answer 22

• Iliocostalis
• longissimus
• spinous

Question 23

what muscle is this, types of this muscle

Answer 23

Iliocostalis muscles
types:
* Iliocostalis cervicis
* Iliocostal thoracis
* Iliocostalis lumborum

Question 24

what muscle is this, types of this muscle

Answer 24

longissimus muscle
types:
* Longissimus capitis
* Longissimus cervicis
* Longissimus thoracis

Question 25

what muscle, when is it visible - 3

Answer 25

* Spinalis * usually only recognizable at the thoracic level * extends between the spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae

Question 26

deep layer muscles of the vertebral canal

Answer 26

Question 27

what is this

Answer 27

interspinalis

Question 28

what is this

Answer 28

rotator longus

Question 29

what is this

Answer 29

rotator brevis

Question 30

Interspinous - 3

Answer 30

* They join spinous processes of two neighboring vertebrae * They are located on the sides of the interspinous ligaments * They can intervene in the extension of the spine

Question 31

intertransversarius - 5

Answer 31

* Located between the transverse processes. They belong to the lateral tract. * At the cervical level there are two intertransverse muscles on each side. * Poorly developed in the dorsal segment. * Innervated by anterior branches of spinal nerves. * They can participate in the lateral inclinations of the spine.

Question 32

Levatores Costarum - 3

Answer 32

* Arise from the tranverse processes of vertebrae CVII and TI to TXI. * They have an oblique lateral and downward direction and insert into the rib below the vertebra of origin in the area of the tubercle. * Contraction elevates the ribs

Question 33

Function of interspinous and intertransverse muscles - 4

Answer 33

* stabilize the vertebrae during spinal movements * interspinalis can intervene in the extension * intertransversarius in the lateral inclinations * ideal for fine motor control of the axial skeleton. Because these muscles possess a relatively high density of muscle spindles, provide the nervous system & other muscles a lot of sensory feedback

Question 34

Transverspinous group and where they are located

Answer 34

* Short rotator: Transverse process > lamina of c1 * Long rotator: Transverse process > lamina of c2 * Multifidus: Transverse process > base of the Spinous process of c3 or c4 * Semispinalis Transverse process > vertex of the spinous process separated by more than 4 vertebrae

Question 35

MUSCLES OF THE SUBOCCIPITAL REGION

Answer 35

▪ RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR ▪ RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR ▪ OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR ▪ OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR

Question 36

what muscle

Answer 36

RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR

Question 37

what muscle is this

Answer 37

RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR

Question 38

what muscle

Answer 38

OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR

Question 39

what muscle

Answer 39

OBLIQUUS CAPITIS INFERIOR

Question 40

what is this and what group is it part of

Answer 40

* posterior ramus of c1 * part of SUBOCCIPITAL GROUP

Question 41

what is this and where

Answer 41

what: anterior root where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT DIVISION

Question 42

what & where

Answer 42

what: posterior root where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT DIVISION

Question 43

what & where

Answer 43

what: sympathetic ganglon where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT DIVISION

Question 44

what & where

Answer 44

what: gray and white rami communicantes where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT DIVISION

Question 45

what and where

Answer 45

what: anterior ramus (intercostal nerve) where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT DIVISION

Question 46

what and where

Answer 46

what: posterior ramus where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT DIVISION

Question 47

what and where

Answer 47

what: medial branch where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT DIVISION

Question 48

what and where

Answer 48

what: lateral branch where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT DIVISION

Question 49

what and where

Answer 49

what: posterior cutanoes branch where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT DIVISION

Question 50

name

Answer 50

diagram