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Anatomy > topic 3 - back & suboccipital > Flashcards

topic 3 - back & suboccipital Flashcards

1
Q

differet types of movements if the muscle is even

A
  • uni contraction
  • bilateral contraction
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2
Q

homolateral movement

A

movement on the same side where the muscle is

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3
Q

controlateral movement

A

movement on the other side of where the muscle is

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4
Q

types of muscles of the back

A

extrinsic muscles
intermediate muscle
intrinsic muscle

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5
Q

extrinsic muscles

A

muscles that join the upper extremity with the trunk
ex. trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid and levator scapula

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6
Q

intermediate muscle

A

consists of two thin muscular sheets in the superior and inferior regions of the back
ex. serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior

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7
Q

intrinsic muscles - 3

A
  • fixed on the vertebrae or ribs
  • preform movements of the spine
  • located in three layers: superficial, medium, deep layers
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8
Q

what muscle, type

A

trapezius
superficial muscle

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9
Q

what muscle, type

A

levator scapulae muscle
superficial muscle

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10
Q

what muscle, type

A

lattisimus dorsi
superficial muscle

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11
Q

what muscle, type

A

rhomboid major
superficial muscle

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12
Q

what muscle, and type

A

rhomboid minor
superficial muscle

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13
Q

what muscle and type

A

serratus posterior inferior
intermiedate (respitory muscles)

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14
Q

what muscle and type

A

serratus posterior superior
intermiedate (respiratory muscles)

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15
Q

thorocolumbar fascia

A

It lines the muscles of the vertebral canals in the chest and lumbar region. Medially it is fixed in the thoracochal lumbar spinous processes and laterally in the angle of the ribs.

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16
Q

thorocolumbar fascia 3 layers

A

In the lumbar region it is formed by three leaves:
- posterior layer,
- middle layer,
- anterior layer

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17
Q

name, type, o, i, how it differs

A

name: splenius muscle
type: superficial layer
origin: spinous process of the lower cervical vertebrae and T1
insertion: Occipital bone and mastoid process of the temporal (splenium of the head)
differs: splenium of the head and splenium of the neck

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18
Q

what is this

A

ligamentum nuchae

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19
Q

what is this muscle

A

splenius captis muscle

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20
Q

what muscle

A

levator scapulae

21
Q

what muscle

A

splenius cervicis

22
Q

Erector spinae group: - 3

A
  • Iliocostalis
  • longissimus
  • spinous
23
Q

what muscle is this, types of this muscle

A

Iliocostalis muscles
types:
* Iliocostalis cervicis
* Iliocostal thoracis
* Iliocostalis lumborum

24
Q

what muscle is this, types of this muscle

A

longissimus muscle
types:
* Longissimus capitis
* Longissimus cervicis
* Longissimus thoracis

25
Q

what muscle, when is it visible - 3

A
  • Spinalis
  • usually only recognizable at the thoracic level
  • extends between the spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae
26
Q

deep layer muscles of the vertebral canal

A
27
Q

what is this

A

interspinalis

28
Q

what is this

A

rotator longus

29
Q

what is this

A

rotator brevis

30
Q

Interspinous - 3

A
  • They join spinous processes of two neighboring vertebrae
  • They are located on the sides of the interspinous ligaments
  • They can intervene in the extension of the spine
31
Q

intertransversarius - 5

A
  • Located between the transverse processes. They belong to the lateral tract.
  • At the cervical level there are two intertransverse muscles on each side.
  • Poorly developed in the dorsal segment.
  • Innervated by anterior branches of spinal nerves.
  • They can participate in the lateral inclinations of the spine.
32
Q

Levatores Costarum - 3

A
  • Arise from the tranverse processes of vertebrae CVII and TI to TXI.
  • They have an oblique lateral and downward direction and insert into the rib below the vertebra of origin in the area of the tubercle.
  • Contraction elevates the ribs
33
Q

Function of interspinous and intertransverse muscles - 4

A
  • stabilize the vertebrae during spinal movements
  • interspinalis can intervene in the extension
  • intertransversarius in the lateral inclinations
  • ideal for fine motor control of the axial skeleton. Because these muscles possess a relatively high density of muscle spindles, provide the nervous system & other muscles a lot of sensory feedback
34
Q

Transverspinous group
and where they are located

A
  • Short rotator:
    Transverse process > lamina of c1
  • Long rotator:
    Transverse process > lamina of c2
  • Multifidus:
    Transverse process > base of the Spinous process of c3 or c4
  • Semispinalis
    Transverse process > vertex of the spinous process separated by more than 4 vertebrae
35
Q

MUSCLES OF THE SUBOCCIPITAL
REGION

A

▪ RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR
▪ RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR
▪ OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR
▪ OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR

36
Q

what muscle

A

RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR

37
Q

what muscle is this

A

RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR

38
Q

what muscle

A

OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR

39
Q

what muscle

A

OBLIQUUS CAPITIS INFERIOR

40
Q

what is this and what group is it part of

A
  • posterior ramus of c1
  • part of SUBOCCIPITAL GROUP
41
Q

what is this and where

A

what: anterior root
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT
DIVISION

42
Q

what & where

A

what: posterior root
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT
DIVISION

43
Q

what & where

A

what: sympathetic ganglon
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT
DIVISION

44
Q

what & where

A

what: gray and white rami communicantes
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT DIVISION

45
Q

what and where

A

what: anterior ramus (intercostal nerve)
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT DIVISION

46
Q

what and where

A

what: posterior ramus
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT DIVISION

47
Q

what and where

A

what: medial branch
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT
DIVISION

48
Q

what and where

A

what: lateral branch
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT
DIVISION

49
Q

what and where

A

what: posterior cutanoes branch
where: POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT
DIVISION

Anatomy (6 decks)

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