Topic 2.7: DNA ➡ Protein Flashcards
The process of DNA replication is what
semi-conservative as a new double stranded DNA molecule is formed
one strand will be from the original template molecule while one strand is newly synthesized
Who confirmed the theory that DNA replication was semi-conservative
Meselson-Stahl
What are the two enzymes with coordinate DNA replication
helicase and DNA polymerase
What is the function of Helicase
to unwind the double helix and separate two polynucleotide strands
this is done by breaking the hydrogen bonds that exist between complementary base pairs
the two separated polynucleotide strands act as templates for synthesis of new complementary strands
What is the function of DNA polymerase
synthesizes new strands from the two parental template strands
free deoxynucleoside triphosphate align opposite their complementary base partner
it cleaves the two excess phosphates and uses the energy released to link the nucleotide to the new strand
What is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
an artificial method of replicating DNA under lab conditions
technique is used to amplify large quantities of a specific sequence of DNA from an initial minute sample
each reaction doubles the amount of DNA
What are the three steps that control the replication process
Denaturation
Annealing
Elongation
What is transcription
the process by which an RNA sequence is produced from a DNA template
What is the sequence that is transcribed into RNA from DNA
a gene
What is the name of the strand that is transcribed
antisense
What is the name of the strand that is not transcribed
sense
What are codons
three bases on mRNA that correspond to one amino acid in a polypeptide
they code for one amino acid
what is genetic code
set of rules by which information encoded within mRNA sequences and is converted into amino acid sequences by living cells
it identifies the corresponding amino acid for each codon combination
What is translation
the process of protein synthesis in which genetic information encoded in mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids on a polypeptide chain
What is an example of the universality of genes
the production of human insulin in bacteria
allowing for gene transfer between species
