Topic 2.3: Carbohydrate and Lipid Flashcards
How are monosaccharide monomers linked together
Through condensation reactions to form disaccharides and polysaccharide polymers
What are carbohydrates usually composed of
Recurring monomers called monosaccharides (typically forming ring structures)
How are monosaccharides linked
through condensation reactions
What are some examples of monosaccharides
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
What do monosaccharides typically function as
an immediate energy source for cells
What do disaccharides typically function as
a form of transport
What are some examples of disaccharides
Lactose
Maltose
Sucrose
What do polysaccharides typically function as
playing a role in cell recognition
What are some examples of polysaccharides
Cellulose
Glycogen
Starch
What are polysaccharides
Carbohydrate polymers compromised of many monosaccharide monomers
What is cellulose
A structural polysaccharide found in the cell wall of plants
What is starch
An energy storage polysaccharide found in plants
What is glycogen
An energy storage polysaccharide formed in the liver of animals
What are fatty acids
long hydrocarbon chains found in certain types of lipids
What are saturated fatty acids
fatty acids that posses no double bonds
they are linear in structure
What are unsaturated fatty acids
Fatty acids with double bonds
1 bound = monounsaturated
>1 bond = polyunsaturated
they are bent in structure
What are cis unsaturated fatty acids
the hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon double bond are on the SAME side
what are trans unsaturated fatty acids
the hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon double bond are on DIFFERENT sides
How are triglycerides formed
when condensation reactions occur between one glycerol and three fatty acids
can be saturated or unsaturated depending on the chain composition
How do fats and diet influence the level of cholesterol in the bloodstream
Saturated fats and trans fats raise blood cholesterol while unsaturated fats lower blood cholesterol levels
Why are fats and cholesterols packed into proteins
because they cannot dissolve in the blood and are packaged to proteins for transport
What are low density lipoproteins (LDL)
proteins that transport cholesterol from the liver to the rest of the body
what are high density lipoproteins (HDL)
proteins that scavenge excess cholesterol and carry it back to the liver for disposal
LDL versus HDL in the blood
LDL raises blood cholesterol levels
HDL lowers blood cholesterol levels
