Topic 2.1: Metabolic Molecules

Question 1

What is an organic compound

Answer 1

A compound that contains carbon and is found in living things

Question 2

What is carbon

Answer 2

The basis of organic life due to its ability to form large and complex molecules

They can form four covalent bonds with bonds between, allowing them to form a wide variety of chemically stable organic compounds

Question 3

What are the main classes of carbon compounds

Answer 3

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Nucleic Acids

Proteins

Question 4

What are carbohydrates composed of

Answer 4

monomers called monosaccharides

Question 5

What are monosaccharides

Answer 5

the building blocks of disaccharides and polysaccharides

Question 6

What do lipids consist of

Answer 6

fatty acid chains of hydrocarbons (unsaturated or saturated)

Question 7

What are the monomers that proteins are composed of

Answer 7

Amino acids which help to form polypeptide chains

Question 8

What monomer makes up nucleic acids

Answer 8

Nucleotides which join to make polynucleotide chains

Question 9

What are the three main classes of lipids

Answer 9

Spimle lipids
Compound lipids
Derived lipids

Question 10

What are simple lipids

Answer 10

Esters of fatty acids and alcohol

Question 11

What are compound lipids

Answer 11

Esters of fatty acids, alcohol and adittional groups

Question 12

What are derived lipids

Answer 12

Substances derived from simple or compounds lipids

Question 13

What are three main types of lipids

Answer 13

Triglyceride
Phospholipid
Steroid

Question 14

How is a dipeptide made

Answer 14

Through the fusion of two amino acids

Question 15

What is urea

Answer 15

an example of a compound that is produced by living organisms but can also be artificially synthesized

Question 16

How has vitalism as a theory been disproven

Answer 16

Through the discovery that organic molecules can be artificially synthesized

The artificial synthesis of urea demonstrates that organic molecules are not fundamentally different to inorganic molecules

Question 17

What is metabolism

Answer 17

It describes the totality of chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life

The web of all enzyme-catalyzed reactions that occur within a cell or organism

Question 18

What are the two key functions of metabolic reactions

Answer 18

Providing a source of energy for cellular processes (MR H GREN)

They enable the synthesis and assimilation of new materials for use within the cell

Question 19

What is anabolism

Answer 19

the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions

Question 20

How do condensation reactions occur

Answer 20

When monomers are covalently joined and water is produced as a by-product

Question 21

What is the purpose of anabolism

Answer 21

to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones, which uses energy to construct new bonds, and typically involves reduction reactions

Question 22

What is the purpose of condensation reactions

Answer 22

When small molecules are assembled into larger ones and water is produced

Question 23

What is hydrolysis

Answer 23

Reactions that require the consumption of water molecules to break the bonds within the polymer

Question 24

What is the purpose of catabolism

Answer 24

to break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy when bonds are broken, typically involving oxidation reactions

Question 25

Hydrolysis is when

Answer 25

large molecules are broken down into small ones and water is consumed