topic 2.1 molecules to metabolism Flashcards
describe condensation (dehydration synthesis reaction)
A chemical reaction where 2 monomers combine to a form a larger molecule by the loss of water
define catalysis
causing the acceleration of a chemical reaction without being consumed or altered in the process.
Role of enzymes in metabolism
Helps to breakdown large nutrient molecules, such as proteins, fats and carbs into smaller molecules.
what is anabolism
Construct molecules from smaller units, these reactions require energy and have a condensation reaction
what is catabolism
breaks down molecules into smaller units that release energy and have a hydrolysis reaction
define hydrolysis reaction
a reaction where a polymer breaks apart into smaller subunits; addition of water is used to break bonds
4 major classes of carbon compounds
carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid.
what is metabolism
a chemical reaction in the body’s cells that change food into energy (ATP)
what is monomer
a small molecule that can bind with other of the same type to form a larger polymer
what is polymer
a large molecule composed of many repeating monomer subunits.
organic molecules include…
carbon skeleton
inorganic molecules…
refers to carbon dioxide and all molecules without carbon
Phospholipids
class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic “head” containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic “tails” derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue.
triglyceride
molecule consists of a glycerol backbone esterified with three fatty acids. Triglycerides are the main constituent of the body’s fat stores.
subunit of carbohydrates:
monosaccharides
