Study for exam (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1)

Question 1

Vitalism

Answer 1

Theory that life is more than the chemicals which make up living things

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

All of the enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions in a cell

Question 3

Anabolism

Answer 3

The formation of larger molecules from smaller ones. Including macromolecules from monomers by condensation.

Question 4

Catabolism

Answer 4

The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones by hydrolysis.

Question 5

Macromolecule

Answer 5

A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules (monomers)

Question 6

Monomer

Answer 6

A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers (macromolecules)

Question 7

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 7

A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger molecule by adding a molecule of water

Question 8

Condensation reaction

Answer 8

A chemical reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a water molecule.

Question 9

Urea

Answer 9

The toxic nitrogenous end product of protein breakdown (catabolism), excreted in urine.

Question 10

Monosaccharide

Answer 10

A single sugar molecule such as glucose, fructose, ribose, and galactose the simplest type of sugar.

Question 11

Disaccharide

Answer 11

A sugar made from two monosaccharides linked together (e.g. glucose + fructose -> sucrose).
sucrose, lactose, malstose

Question 12

R-group

Answer 12

The variable radical of amino acids. Shown as R- in diagrams.

Question 13

Amino acid

Answer 13

Molecules which make up proteins; made of a Carbon atoms, Carboxyl Group, Amine Group, Hydrogen, and an R-group

Question 14

Lipids

Answer 14

Fats made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Oils, waxes, phospholipids, triglycerides and steroids are examples.

Question 15

Polypeptides

Answer 15

A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

Question 16

Water molecule

Answer 16

A polar molecule made of 1 oxygen and 2 hydrogen atoms.

Question 17

Polarity

Answer 17

Having positively & negatively charged areas because of an uneven distribution of electrons.

Question 18

Negative pole

Answer 18

Area with more electrons, around the oxygen atom.

Question 19

Positive pole

Answer 19

Area with fewer electrons, near the hydrogen atom nuclei of water molecules.

Question 20

Hydrogen bond

Answer 20

A weak bond formed between polar water molecules

Question 21

Cohesion of water molecules is high

Answer 21

because H-bonds make water molecules stick to each other more strongly. It causes surface tension.

Question 22

Water has high specific heat capacity

Answer 22

because some heat is used to break H-bonds so more is needed to raise the temperature.

Question 23

Water is an excellent solvent

Answer 23

because polar water molecules dissolve so many substances.

Question 24

Water has dipolarity

Answer 24

because water molecule contains both positve and negative charges.

Question 25

Water is a good coolant in sweat

Answer 25

because it has a high specific heat.

Question 26

Water is good for transport

Answer 26

because it can easily dissolve glucose, sodium chloride, oxygen, and many amino acids.

Question 27

Water has a memory of molecules dissolved in it

Answer 27

This claim is considered pseudoscience - there is no way to test the claims using the scientific method.

Question 28

What is the name of this inorganic molecule?

Answer 28

Carbon dioxide. It is an inorganic molecule (organic molecules contain both C & H).