2.4 Proteins

Question 1

what is peptide bond

Answer 1

a bond between 2 molecules when a carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the another molecule, therefore release of molecule of water in this chemical reaction.

Question 2

number of peptide bonds given the number of amino acids in a polypeptide

Answer 2

each 2 amino acids linked by one peptide bond, ex; 23 amino acids = 22 peptide bonds

Question 3

transcription

Answer 3

the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence, occurs in the nucleus

Question 4

translation

Answer 4

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information from mRNA, occurs in the ribosome

Question 5

primary structure

Answer 5

sequence chain of amino acid

Question 6

secondary structure

Answer 6

hydrogen bonds of peptide cause the amino acid to fold into a repeating pattern.

Question 7

tertiary structure

Answer 7

three-dimensional folding pattern of a protein

Question 8

quaternary structure

Answer 8

hydrogen bonds between polypeptide chains,

Question 9

fibrous proteins are…

Answer 9

insoluble proteins, has a long & narrow shape, in the secondary structure, consists of repetitive amino acid sequence, ex; collagen, keratin.

Question 10

globular proteins are…

Answer 10

soluble in water and tend to be involved in metabolic functions, has a round or spherical shape, in the tertiary structure, consists of an irregular amino acid sequence, ex; enzymes, hemoglobin.

Question 11

function of fibrous proteins…

Answer 11

structural in nature, which means they help maintain cell shape by providing a framework

Question 12

function of globular proteins…

Answer 12

functional, which mean they carry out a specific biological function in the body.

Question 13

dipeptide…

Answer 13

a form of peptides having either 2 amino acids linked via single peptide bond or one amino acid having 2 peptide bonds, simple molecule, body easily absorbs dipeptides.

Question 14

oligopeptide…

Answer 14

a peptide whose molecules contain a relatively small number of amino-acid residues

Question 15

polypeptide…

Answer 15

are peptide with unbranched chain of amino acids that are linked together by peptide bonds

Question 16

function of enzyme proteins

Answer 16

building muscle, destroying toxins, and breaking down food particles during digestion.

Question 17

function of hormone proteins

Answer 17

control and regulate physiological processes, which are growth, development, metabolism and reproduction.

Question 18

function of immunoglobulin proteins

Answer 18

used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria & viruses.

Question 19

define proteome

Answer 19

it is proteins that can be made by a cell, tissue or organism

Question 20

genome

Answer 20

a genome is an organism’s complete set of genetic instructions

Question 21

function of insulin

Answer 21

regulate blood sugar levels

Question 22

collagen

Answer 22

gives the skin strength & elasticity

Question 23

spider silk

Answer 23

it is protein which creates webs or other structures

Question 24

hemoglobin

Answer 24

transferring oxygen in blood from the lungs to the tissue

Question 25

oxytocin

Answer 25

child birth & lactation

Question 26

denaturation

Answer 26

It is a process of breaking of the weak linkages or bonds with heat or PH, ex; hydrogen bonds

Question 27

shape change in proteins

Answer 27

proteins change their shape when exposed to different PHs or temperatures.