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AP Biology > Topic 2- The Cell > Flashcards

Topic 2- The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotic or eukaryotic have a ribosome?

A

Both have it

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2
Q

Prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound organelles in the cytosol?

A

Eukaryotic

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3
Q

Do prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

Eukaryotic

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4
Q

What are examples of prokaryotic cells?

A

Bacteria and a Rockea and include animals, fungi, plants, protists

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5
Q

Are three key details to remember about prokaryotic cells?

A

There is no true nucleus but a single circular chromosome found in the nucleus wait, no membrane-bound organelles are found in this I tosyl but ribosomes are found however they are not membrane-bound, and they are smaller than eukaryotic cells

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6
Q

What are three details about eukaryotic cells?

A

A membrane enclosed nucleus contains a cells linear chromosomes, many membrane-bound organelles are found in the cytoplasm, and eukaryotes are much larger than prokaryotes

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7
Q

What does a plasma membrane forms

A

A boundary for a cell and is selectively permeable and permits the passage of materials in and out of the cell

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8
Q

What is the plasma membrane made up of

A

Phospholipids, proteins, and associated carbohydrates these molecules determine the function of the membrane

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9
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Double membrane enclosing the nucleus perforated by pours

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10
Q

Nucleolus

A

A non-membrane yes or canal involved in the production of ribosomes, a nucleus has one or more nucleoli

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11
Q

Chromatin

A

Material consisting of DNA and protein, visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell

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12
Q

What are the three parts of the nucleus

A

Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, and chromatin

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13
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Membrane enclosing the cell

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14
Q

Ribosomes

A

Nonmember Ennius organelles small dots that make up proteins, free and cytoplasm or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope

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15
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products

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16
Q

Lysosome

A

Digestive organ now where macromolecules are hydrolyzed

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17
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Organelle where cellular respiration, metabolic process that uses O to generate ATP by extracting energy from sugars, fat, and other fuels. Which country are found in both plant and animal cells.

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18
Q

Peroxisome

A

Working out with very specialized metabolic functions, produces hydrogen peroxide

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19
Q

Microvilli

A

Projections that increase the cells surface area

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20
Q

What does the cytoskeleton contain and what is its purpose

A

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Reinforces the cells shape, functions in the cell movement, components are made of protein

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21
Q

Centrosome

A

Region where the cells microtubules are initiated, and an animal cell, contains a pair of centrioles which the function of is unknown

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22
Q

Flagellum

A

Locomotion organelle present in some animal cells, composed of membrane enclosed microtubules

23
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Also known as ER, network of membranes sacs and tubes, active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes, has rough ribosome studded and smooth regions

24
Q

What are in animal cells but not in plant cells

A

Lysosomes, centrioles, and flagella

25
Plant centrosome
Region where the cells microtubules are initiated, lacks centrioles in plant cells
26
Plant cell wall
Outer layer that maintain cell shape and protect cell from mechanical damage, made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein
27
Plasmodesmata
Channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasm is of adjacent cells
28
Chloroplast
Photosynthetic organelle, converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules
29
Tonoplast
Membrane enclosing the central vacuole located in plant cells
30
Central vacuole
Prominent organelle in older plant cells, functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules, enlargement of vacuole is major mechanism of plant growth
31
What is in the plant cell but not an animal cell?
Chloroplasts, central vacuole and tonoplast, so wall, and Plasmodesmats
32
What does RNA contains
The code to produce a protein
33
What do the nuclear pores do
On the nuclear envelope and controls what may enter or leave the nucleus
34
What is chromatin formed from
Chromosomes, as they sell gets ready for division, the diffuse threats of chromatin condenses back into the visible chromosomes
35
The nucleolus is a region of the nucleus where ribosomal RNA a complexes with proteins to form ribosomal subunits. True or false
True
36
What are some characteristics of the nucleus
Contains most of the cells DNA, referred to as the control center of the cell, and is most noticeable organelle in the cell because if it's a large relative size
37
What are ribosomes
Protein factories, they are composed of rRNA and protein and are sites of protein synthesis in the cell each write his own consists of a large and small subunit
38
Free ribosomes
Found floating inside cytosol and generally produce proteins that are used within the cell
39
Bound ribosomes
Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and make proteins destined for export from the cell
40
ER is a network of what
Membranes and sacs who's internal area is called cisternal space
41
What are the two types of ER
Smooth and rough ER
42
Smooth ER
Three primary functions synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification of drugs and poisons
43
Rough ER
Associated ribosomes make structure pier rough under the microscope, ribosomes associated with ER synthesize proteins that are generally secreted by the cell as the proteins are produced by the ER bound ribosomes, polypeptide chains travel across the ER membrane and into the cisternal space within this cisternal space the proteins are packaged into transport vesicles which bud off the ER and to Golgi apparatus
44
Golgi apparatus specifics
Like the postal system, proteins from the transport vessels are modified, stored, and shipped;are polar, the product of ER or modified here in the apparatus is extensive and sell specialized for secretion
45
What are part of the mitochondria
Inter-membrane space, outer membrane, DNA, inner membrane, cristae, matrix, free ribosomes
46
Cilia
Much shorter and numerous then flagella and can also be used in locomotion or when held in place as part of the tissue layer, they can move water over the surface of tissue
47
What are animal cells three type of intercellular junctions
Tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions
48
Tight junction
Section of animal cell membranes were to neighboring cells are fuse, making the membranes watered tight
49
Desmosomes
Fasten adjacent animal cells together, functioning like rivets to fasten cells into strong sheets
50
Gap junction
Provide channels between adjacent animal cells through which ions, sugars, communication molecules, and other small molecules can pass
51
Do prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane?
Both have it
52
Plasma membrane
Selectively permeable, made of phospholipids and proteins
53
What are the three functions and purposes of the cell membrane parts?
Phospholipids all passage, proteins are transporters, carbohydrates which is cell recognition
54
Aquaporins
Protein that allows the passage of water into the cell

AP Biology (9 decks)

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