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AP Biology > Topic 2- The Cell > Flashcards

Topic 2- The Cell Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Prokaryotic or eukaryotic have a ribosome?

A

Both have it

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2
Q

Prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound organelles in the cytosol?

A

Eukaryotic

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3
Q

Do prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

Eukaryotic

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4
Q

What are examples of prokaryotic cells?

A

Bacteria and a Rockea and include animals, fungi, plants, protists

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5
Q

Are three key details to remember about prokaryotic cells?

A

There is no true nucleus but a single circular chromosome found in the nucleus wait, no membrane-bound organelles are found in this I tosyl but ribosomes are found however they are not membrane-bound, and they are smaller than eukaryotic cells

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6
Q

What are three details about eukaryotic cells?

A

A membrane enclosed nucleus contains a cells linear chromosomes, many membrane-bound organelles are found in the cytoplasm, and eukaryotes are much larger than prokaryotes

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7
Q

What does a plasma membrane forms

A

A boundary for a cell and is selectively permeable and permits the passage of materials in and out of the cell

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8
Q

What is the plasma membrane made up of

A

Phospholipids, proteins, and associated carbohydrates these molecules determine the function of the membrane

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9
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Double membrane enclosing the nucleus perforated by pours

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10
Q

Nucleolus

A

A non-membrane yes or canal involved in the production of ribosomes, a nucleus has one or more nucleoli

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11
Q

Chromatin

A

Material consisting of DNA and protein, visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell

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12
Q

What are the three parts of the nucleus

A

Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, and chromatin

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13
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Membrane enclosing the cell

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14
Q

Ribosomes

A

Nonmember Ennius organelles small dots that make up proteins, free and cytoplasm or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope

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15
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products

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16
Q

Lysosome

A

Digestive organ now where macromolecules are hydrolyzed

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17
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Organelle where cellular respiration, metabolic process that uses O to generate ATP by extracting energy from sugars, fat, and other fuels. Which country are found in both plant and animal cells.

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18
Q

Peroxisome

A

Working out with very specialized metabolic functions, produces hydrogen peroxide

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19
Q

Microvilli

A

Projections that increase the cells surface area

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20
Q

What does the cytoskeleton contain and what is its purpose

A

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Reinforces the cells shape, functions in the cell movement, components are made of protein

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21
Q

Centrosome

A

Region where the cells microtubules are initiated, and an animal cell, contains a pair of centrioles which the function of is unknown

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22
Q

Flagellum

A

Locomotion organelle present in some animal cells, composed of membrane enclosed microtubules

23
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Also known as ER, network of membranes sacs and tubes, active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes, has rough ribosome studded and smooth regions

24
Q

What are in animal cells but not in plant cells

A

Lysosomes, centrioles, and flagella

25
Q

Plant centrosome

A

Region where the cells microtubules are initiated, lacks centrioles in plant cells

26
Q

Plant cell wall

A

Outer layer that maintain cell shape and protect cell from mechanical damage, made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein

27
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasm is of adjacent cells

28
Q

Chloroplast

A

Photosynthetic organelle, converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules

29
Q

Tonoplast

A

Membrane enclosing the central vacuole located in plant cells

30
Q

Central vacuole

A

Prominent organelle in older plant cells, functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules, enlargement of vacuole is major mechanism of plant growth

31
Q

What is in the plant cell but not an animal cell?

A

Chloroplasts, central vacuole and tonoplast, so wall, and Plasmodesmats

32
Q

What does RNA contains

A

The code to produce a protein

33
Q

What do the nuclear pores do

A

On the nuclear envelope and controls what may enter or leave the nucleus

34
Q

What is chromatin formed from

A

Chromosomes, as they sell gets ready for division, the diffuse threats of chromatin condenses back into the visible chromosomes

35
Q

The nucleolus is a region of the nucleus where ribosomal RNA a complexes with proteins to form ribosomal subunits. True or false

A

True

36
Q

What are some characteristics of the nucleus

A

Contains most of the cells DNA, referred to as the control center of the cell, and is most noticeable organelle in the cell because if it’s a large relative size

37
Q

What are ribosomes

A

Protein factories, they are composed of rRNA and protein and are sites of protein synthesis in the cell each write his own consists of a large and small subunit

38
Q

Free ribosomes

A

Found floating inside cytosol and generally produce proteins that are used within the cell

39
Q

Bound ribosomes

A

Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and make proteins destined for export from the cell

40
Q

ER is a network of what

A

Membranes and sacs who’s internal area is called cisternal space

41
Q

What are the two types of ER

A

Smooth and rough ER

42
Q

Smooth ER

A

Three primary functions synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification of drugs and poisons

43
Q

Rough ER

A

Associated ribosomes make structure pier rough under the microscope, ribosomes associated with ER synthesize proteins that are generally secreted by the cell as the proteins are produced by the ER bound ribosomes, polypeptide chains travel across the ER membrane and into the cisternal space within this cisternal space the proteins are packaged into transport vesicles which bud off the ER and to Golgi apparatus

44
Q

Golgi apparatus specifics

A

Like the postal system, proteins from the transport vessels are modified, stored, and shipped;are polar, the product of ER or modified here in the apparatus is extensive and sell specialized for secretion

45
Q

What are part of the mitochondria

A

Inter-membrane space, outer membrane, DNA, inner membrane, cristae, matrix, free ribosomes

46
Q

Cilia

A

Much shorter and numerous then flagella and can also be used in locomotion or when held in place as part of the tissue layer, they can move water over the surface of tissue

47
Q

What are animal cells three type of intercellular junctions

A

Tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions

48
Q

Tight junction

A

Section of animal cell membranes were to neighboring cells are fuse, making the membranes watered tight

49
Q

Desmosomes

A

Fasten adjacent animal cells together, functioning like rivets to fasten cells into strong sheets

50
Q

Gap junction

A

Provide channels between adjacent animal cells through which ions, sugars, communication molecules, and other small molecules can pass

51
Q

Do prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane?

A

Both have it

52
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Selectively permeable, made of phospholipids and proteins

53
Q

What are the three functions and purposes of the cell membrane parts?

A

Phospholipids all passage, proteins are transporters, carbohydrates which is cell recognition

54
Q

Aquaporins

A

Protein that allows the passage of water into the cell

AP Biology (9 decks)

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