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AP Biology > Chaper 2- Chemical Context Of Life > Flashcards

Chaper 2- Chemical Context Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter made up of?

A

Elements

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2
Q

Elements

A

Substance that cannot be broken down by chemical reactions

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3
Q

Compound

A

Substance consisting of two or more different elements

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4
Q

Essential elements

A

Elements in organism needs to live, 25

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5
Q

Trace elements

A

Elements required by organisms and only small doses such as iron, iodine, and magnesium

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6
Q

True or False. Other elements are toxic and organisms have learned to adapt to them.

A

True

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7
Q

True or false. Elements properties depend on the structure of the atoms

A

True

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8
Q

What do stone retain?

A

Properties of elements

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9
Q

SubAtomic particles

A

Tiny bits of matter that are composed of even smaller particles

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10
Q

What is in the nucleus of an atom?

A

Proton and neutron

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11
Q

Dalton or AMU

A

Measurement for atoms

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12
Q

Atomic Number

A

Number of protons

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13
Q

Mass Number

A

Number of neutrons which is sum of protons and neutrons

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14
Q

How to calculate neutrons

A

MN- AN

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15
Q

Atomic Mass

A

Total mass of an element’s atom

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16
Q

Isotope

A

Element atoms have same number of protons but some have more neutrons which equals a greater mass but behaves identically in chemical reaction

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17
Q

Radioactive Isotopes

A

Nucleus decays spontaneously which gives off particles/energy

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18
Q

Half Life

A

Time it takes for 50% of parent isotope to decay, measure how old a fossil is

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19
Q

Energy

A

Capacity to cause change by doing work

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20
Q

Potential Energy

A

Energy that matter possesses because of location or structure. More distance from the nucleus to proton result in a greater potential energy

21
Q

What is an electron shell and where does it have the lowest potential energy?

A

Electrons are found here and closest to the nucleus

22
Q

What is chemical behavior determined by?

A

Electronic distribution and depends mostly on the outershell

23
Q

Talence electrons

A

Outer electrons

24
Q

Where does the charge come from?

A

Unpaired electrons

25
Q

Chemical Bond

A

Interaction between atoms share electrons and are held together by these bonds to form molecules

26
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

Interactions between atoms which share electrons

27
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms held together by a covalent bond

28
Q

Electronegativity

A

The attraction of particular atoms for electron of covalent bond, more electronegativity the more it pulls electrons closer

29
Q

Nonpolar covalent bond

A

Electrons shared equally because electronegativity is neutral between the two

30
Q

Polar covalent bond

A

Electrons of a bond that are not equal because of electronegativity

31
Q

Ionic bond

A

Atoms unequal in attraction which is bad for valence electrons that have less energy because it strips that electron away

32
Q

Ions

A

Two resulting oppositely atoms/molecules

33
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged ion

34
Q

Anion

A

negatively charged ion

35
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

Bond of hydrogen in electronegative atom

36
Q

Can see Waals interaction

A

Individually week and occurs only when atoms and molecules are close together

37
Q

Chemical reaction

A

Making and breaking of chemical bonds leaving to changes in the composition of matter

38
Q

Chemical Equilibrium

A

Concentration have stabilized at particular ratio

39
Q

Matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass

40
Q

What are the three subatomic particles and significance?

A

Neutrons: number varies which creates isotopes
Protons: positive charge
Electrons: negative charge, determine chemical properties an reactivity

41
Q

Types of chemical bonds and how they form.

A

Ionic: rips it away because of electronegativity
Covalent: electrons shared equally (polar) and not equally (nonpolar)

42
Q

What role does hydrogen play?

A

A major role in the 3D shape of protein and nucleic acid

43
Q

Van dee Waals interaction

A

Very weak, transient connects that are the result of asymmetrical distribution of electrons within a molecule

44
Q

What do chemical reactions do?

A

Make or break chemical bonds

45
Q

H20 and properties, due to hydrogen bonding, helps make life on Earth possible. Name some of these properties.

A

Structure of Water: key to properties, polar, maximum of four bonds
Hydrogen bonding: cohesion, adhesion, transcription, moderation of temperature, high specific heat, insulator, and solvent

46
Q

Transcription

A

Movement of water up xylem tubes and evaporation from stomata in plants.

47
Q

Specific heat

A

Raise 1g by 1°C

48
Q

How is water an insulator?

A

Ice floats and regulate

49
Q

Solvent and solute

A

Does dissolving& dissolves

AP Biology (9 decks)

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