Topic 2- Organisation Flashcards
What is a tissue?
Group of cells with similar structure and function that work together
What is an organ?
A group of tissues working together to perform a specific function
What is an organ system?
A group of organs working together to perform a function
What is the role of the pancreas and salivary glands in digestion
Glands that produce juices containing enzymes
What is the role of the stomach in the digestive system?
Produces hydrochloric acid to break down substances
What is the role of the small intestine?
Where soluble food molecules get absorbed into blood stream
What is the role of the liver?
Produces bile
What is the role of the large intestine?
Absorbs water from undigested food and produces faeces
What is the role of enzymes?
Act as biological catalysts- speed up breakdown of food without being used up
What is metabolism?
Sum of all reactions in a cell/organism
What types of metabolic reactions do enzymes catalyse?
- Breaking down large molecules into smaller ones
2. Building large molecules form smaller ones
What is the lock and key hypothesis of enzyme function?
The enzyme and substrate can bind together
How are the products of digestion used?
Build bigger molecules such as proteins. Glucose used in respiration
Where is bile made and stored?
Made by liver and stored in gallbladder
What is the heart?
An organ pumping blood around body
What is the purpose of the circulatory system?
Carries oxygen to bodily tissues and removes waste substances
How does the double circulatory system work?
1 pathway; blood from heart to lungs (exchange of oxygen and CO2)
1 pathway; blood from heart to tissues
Where does blood pumped by the right ventricle go?
Lungs
Where does blood pumped by the left ventricle go?
Around body tissues
Why is double circulatory system important?
Makes system more efficient- oxygenated blood pumped around body at higher pressure from left ventricle
How many chambers does the heart have?
4- left + right ventricle, left + right atrium
Why is the left ventricle wall thicker?
Has to pump blood at a higher pressure around whole body
What are the 4 main blood vessels + their roles?
- Aorta (left)- oxygenated blood from heart to body
- Pulmonary vein (left)- oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
- Vena cava (right)- deoxygenated blood from body to heart
- Pulmonary artery (right)- deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
What is the purpose of heart valves?
Prevent back flow of blood
What is the purpose of coronary arteries?
Supply heart with oxygenated blood
How is heart rate controlled?
Group of cells in right atrium acting as pacemaker. Release waves of electrical activity which causes the heart muscle to contract.
What are the 3 types of blood vessel in the body?
Vein
Artery
Capillary
What are the functions of the 3 types of blood vessel?
Vein- carry blood to heart
Artery- carry blood away form heart
Capillary- enable transfer of substances between blood and tissues
How are the lungs ventilated?
- Intercostal muscles contract
- Rib cage moves up and out
- Diaphragm flattens and chest volume increases
- Increased volume = decreased pressure
- Air drawn into lungs down pressure gradient