Topic 2-L9 - Unique aspects of archaea cell Biology

Question 1

Evolutionarily, Archaea domain shares a more recent

common ancestor with

Answer 1

Eukarya than with Bacteria

Question 2

Archaea DNA-related biology/processes (chromosome structure,

replication, transcription, translation) more similar to

Answer 2

eukaryotes than bacteria

Question 3

Bacteria/Eukarya have

Answer 3

• Ester-linked lipids

- lipids that are fatty acids

Question 4

Archaea have :

Answer 4

• ether linked lipids

- lipids are isopredoid

Question 5

Archaea lipids contain

Answer 5

side branches and rings

Question 6

Some archaea produce a

Answer 6

Lipid monolayer

Question 7

Lipid monolayer

Answer 7

similar to bilayer, but lipid tails are joined

Question 8

Archaea’s unique ________ ________ is thought to be important for its ability to survive harsh environments. More
robust structure.

Answer 8

membrane structure

Question 9

Variation in how the cell wall for archaea is put together depending upon the

Answer 9

environmental niche

Question 10

For majority of archaea – proteinaceous _________ act as the cell
wall

Answer 10

S-layers

Question 11

Some archaea have a second

Answer 11

Membrane ( not like LPS in gram -)

Question 12

Can some archaea lack cell walls all together ?

Answer 12

YES

Question 13

So a small subset of archaea produce a cell wall that is similar to bacterial cell walls ?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Pseudomurein

Answer 14

• Makes up the cell wall that archaea produce.

Lacks D-amino acids, different
sugar linkage, NAM replaced with N-acetyltalosainuronic acid.

Question 15

unique appendages have been found in some archaea

Answer 15

• Hamus

- Proteinaceous “grappling hook”

Question 16

Hamus

Answer 16

fix cells to a surface or to other cells to mediate biofilm formation

Question 17

Archaea swimming motility via an

analogous ______ _____ ________(but functionally/evolutionarily distinct)

Answer 17

flagellum-like apparatus

Known as archaellum

Question 18

What is the archaellum powered by

Answer 18

Driven by ATP hydrolysis

Question 19

Archaea motility filament built form

Answer 19

Inside out (opposite of flagellum)

Question 20

Generally (not always) archaea swim

Answer 20

more slowly than bacteria.

Question 21

An unusual (or typical?) archaea:

Answer 21

Haloquadratum walsbyi

Question 22

Haloquadratum walsbyi

Answer 22

Extreme halophile: found in hyper-saline lakes with saturating salt levels

• produced PHA granules and gas vesicles
• diff mythology, thin square

Question 23

Asgard archaea

Superphylum of Archaea –

Answer 23

multiple distinct sub-phyla have been identified (genome sequenced). Lokiarchaeota was first, found in marine sediments.