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RE > Topic 2- Good And Evil > Flashcards

Topic 2- Good And Evil Flashcards

1
Q

What is conscience

A

Human making moral decisions. The knowledge we have of what is right and wrong and the god-given compulsion within all human beings to do what is right and to avoid what is evil

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2
Q

Incarnation

A

Meaning”made flesh”. The christian belief that God became man in the person of jesus, fully human and fully divine

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3
Q

Incarnation

A

Means being made flesh when god became flesh

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4
Q

Quote for incarnation

A

The word became flesh and made his dwelling among us

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5
Q

John hicks quote about suffering

A

Through suffering we grow in gods likeness

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6
Q

Quote from st aguistine about absence of good

A

For what is that which we call evil but the absence of good

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7
Q

Quote about comparing good with evil from st Augustine

A

We enjoy and value the good more when we compare it with evil

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8
Q

St augustine quote on love

A

There are three things in love,as it were a trace of the trinity… love is of someone that loves and with love something is loved.Beloved, yet , there are three things: he that loves, and that which loves and love

This quote means that love comes in 3 forms similar to the trinity the lover the beloved and the presence of love as in god

The father is the lover
The son is the beloved
The Holy Spirit is the presence of love which unites them

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9
Q

Beatitudes

A

Blessings , the nine ways of life commanded by jesus

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10
Q

The golden rule

A

Do unto others as you would have them do to you

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11
Q

List the five sorrowful mysteries

A

The agony in the garden
Scourging at the pillar
The crowning with thorns
Jesus is made to carry his cross
Jesus is crucified and dies on the cross

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12
Q

the problem of evil

A

free will is a gift from God:
-when humans choose wrong it causes suffering
- humans are to blame not god

origninal sin:
-genesis tells ow world was creatd
adam+ eve decided to eat forbiden fruit against ogd wishes causng original sin

orginal sin is a reminder that we share responsibilty for evil

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13
Q

st augstine and evil

A

evil is absence of good

greater good ut of evil suffering can be beneficial

existence of evi helps people apprecite the good

“foir what is which we call evil the absence of good”

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14
Q

non christian viewsinconsistent triad

A

david hume
if god is omnipotent and omni benevolent evil cant exist because he uld out a stop

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15
Q

john Hicks

A

god deliberately made the world imperfect because only in an imperfect world we learn and grow

“through suffering we grow in gods likeness”
suffering is painful but leads to a healthy soul

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16
Q

john mackie critisms of hicks and augustine

A

he argues too much suffering because if we needed suffering to grow and learn there is too much such as the riiwandan genccide

why should god make us better through suffering is there no alternative

why cant an imnipotent god tell humans to choose moral good over moral evil

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17
Q

jewish beliefs about the nature and orign of evil

A

consequences of humans wrong doings

jews belive we are born to do good but do evil soemtimes
god has given free wioll some defy moral right and turn to evil

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18
Q

jewish beiefs about the goodness of god

A

goodness of god is shown through genesis as he is a creator shows he cares and is ompnipotent to be able to create

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19
Q

jewish beliefs about suffering

A

suffering arise from free will of evilness jews do not belive in original sin

suffering isnt reall bad are some interreations suffer in order to redeem the wicked humanity

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20
Q

trinity

A

1 god 3 person

nicen creed is recited durin baptism
this is the remind main points of christianity
said together sign that they share this belief
bind them togethwe as group who share common beliefs

“go therfore and make the desciples of all nation baptisin gthem in the name of the father, son and holy spirit

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21
Q

augustines methaphorical love lobved beloved

A

love need tree things
a lover - god
the beloved - Jesus
the presence of love - the holy sirit

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22
Q

incarnation

A

when god became flesh
“ and the word became flesh and dwelt among us”

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23
Q

jewish views

A

dont acdept jesus was god as it challenges their belief that god is one

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24
Q

incarnatin and the problem of evil

A

belive it is gods demonstation of his immesne lovefor human beings

belive jesus prrsnece he is in us sufering they dont know why it is happening ut csn trust god as he knows what they are going though

pope john paul II belives that if we bear our suffering and offe rit to god in prayer god will be able to bring about good for others

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25
Q

jesus moral authorty

A

-forgiveness for those who crucified him
-showed te way he healed the sick
-told his desciples to love
- “do others as you want them to do to you”

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26
Q

beautitudes

A

clear teaching on hoe peple should live their lives
sermon which is a list of bkessings
it says those closest to god are often not recongised as valued by the world

“blessed are the poor in spirirt,for theirs is the kingdom ofg heaven”
“blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted”
“blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earht”

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27
Q

sermon of the mount

A

sticter rules to make a better person
don not murder= settle argument squickly

don not commit adultry= do not look lustfully at women
divorce is allowble= no divorce

do not break oaths= do not make an oath

an eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth= turn the other cheek

prayer and fadtin= dont pray or fast for show- youve had your reward

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28
Q

scult
ptures and stautes

A

crucifix is an example tey pray and is a reminde tha god loves them they dont pray to staus but tey remind if god and jesus

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29
Q

other traditon on sculptures and statues

A

making religous staues goes agaisnt the second comandment that thou shall not worship false idols

jewish
don not use for focus of prayer- goes aagian the ten commandments” you shall ahve no other gods before me”

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30
Q

pieta

A

cloth on marys hand suggest mary oesnt want o come in contact iwth jesus flesh as it is sacred

Mary is youthful and peaceful instead of broke hearted older woma
Left hand postponed with n open palm which is a sign of she accepts what has happened
Christ is presented as almost as if he is in a peaceful sleep, as if he is not been blooded and bruised after hours of title
The wounds of Jesus are hardly visible

mary is at peace with jesus as he brings harmony this is wat the open hand represents it represent the fact she accepts what has happened as she knoes jesus has done a lot to help people

she is larger than jeuss sugesting she is a mother being able to cradle a baby in her arms

creases in clothes represent open womb suggesting jesus was carried in the wob and leads us back in

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31
Q

reasons for pilgramige

A

They are a journey to a holy place

healing
strengthening faith
closer to God
as a way of thinking of god
to do a penitential act of sorrow
To share the expericne with other believers
To pray for something special
To pray for the sick
As a way of thanking god
To seek physical spiritual and emotional healin

To do a pentinational act of refer to of sorrow for sin

To come closer to God by giving hi time and attention

A group pilgrimage May help an individual feel part of the community
Pilgrims ray and feel supported by eachother

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32
Q

lourdes

A

bernadette souroius vsione dmary who told her to dig for the springs as it heals there has been 69 positive rcorded healing od disease and disbaility e.g people not being able to walk etc then being able to

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33
Q

sorroful mustery 1

A

agony in the garden- jesus prayed in garden of gethsemenae on the night befiore he died. he had to accept gds ove of the suffering

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34
Q

sorrowful mystery 2

A

the scourgin at te pillar- pilate whippe djesus to satisfy those who wanted jesus cruxified

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35
Q

sorrowful mystery 3

A

the crowning of the thorns- twisted thorns into a crown and put on his head

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36
Q

sorroful mystrery 4

A

jesus is made carry cross to place of cruxifiction

37
Q

sorroful mystery 5

A

jesus is crucified ad dies in the cross- nailed to cross and after six hours dies

38
Q

What does it mean to die well?

A

Spending time with faimly
Respecting the value of their lives until natural death this means catholics reject euthanasia. Instead they use hospices to provide the best end of life care.
Providing rituals for the grieving

39
Q

Explain why the catholic church rejects euthanasia and assisted suicide?

A

It violates the laws of god. We sre all made in the image of god so are sacred so bo one other than god has the the right to end the life or a uuman being this view is shared by many other Christians.

“I confirm that euthanasia is a grave violation of the law of God, since, it is the deliberate and morally unacceptable killing of a human person”-evangelium vitae- pope St John Paul II

40
Q

Explain the difference between beliefs in the sanctity of life snd quality of life

A
41
Q

Summarise in one mind map what Catholics believe about life after death and heaven and hell?

A
42
Q

What is magisterium ?

A
43
Q

What is the second Vatican council?

A
44
Q

Evil

A

The absence if good and the impulse to seek our own desires at the expense of the good of others, which often relates in suffering

45
Q

Free Will

A

The decision-making part of a person mind. A will is free if the person is able to choose right from wrong without being controlled by other forces

46
Q

Suffering

A

Pain which harms human beings. Some suffering is caused by other human beings(often called moral evil) some is not(often called natural evil)

47
Q

The problem of evil

A

Catholics believe in 1 god who is/has:
•Omnipotent
•all-loving
•complete knowledge of past, present and future
•Created a good world

If this is true why does the world contain so much evil and suffering?

catholic response

Free will

•Free will is a gift from God.
•Catholics believe that God
created humans with the
ability to choose between
good and evil.
•When humans choose
the wrong thing it causes
suffering.
• Humans are to blame not
God. They have abused their
gift. Bad choices cause
suffering.
• Humans are not programmed
robots.
• What about suffering not
caused by humans li.e.
natural as opposed to moral
evill?

Original sin

Free will is a gift from God.
Catholics believe that God
created humans with the
ability to choose between
good and evil.
When humans choose
the wrong thing it causes
suffering.
• Humans are to blame not
God. They have abused their
gift. Bad choices cause
suffering.
• Humans are not programmed
robots.
• What about suffering not
caused by humans li.e.
natural as opposed to moral
evill?

48
Q

St Augustine’s response to evil and the question of evil

A

•existence of evil helps people appreciate the goof in the world. For example, being unwell helps us to precise when we are healthy
•Evil is the a scene of good this is known as privation. God does no cause or permit evil because evil isn’t even a thing that God created
•God allows suffering because he is omnipotent and good. HE allows evil because in his goodness and power he is always able to bring a greater good out of suffering. Suffering can be beneficial.
For example many people hae suffered and become good people and supported the world

49
Q

SOWA for st Augustine and evil

A

“For what do we call evil but the absence of good?”

“We enjoy and value the good more when we compare it to evil”
“He can bring good even out of evil”

50
Q

Goodness definition

A

The quality of being like god:Seeking the well-being of other selflessly

51
Q

Privation Definition

A

The loss or absence of a quality or something that is normally present. Evil is a privation of good

52
Q

Non Christian view on the nature of evil (John Mackie)

A

David Hume
For some the problem of evil leads people to reject God all together. David HUme put forwards the i costliest a triad

If God is omnipotent and omnibeneovlent he would stop evil as he has power and loves people but evil does exist so he concluded that God doe not exist or he is not worthy of worship

John Mackie(need to finish)

53
Q

Moral Evil what is it?

A

The suffering which is a result of human action. Examples are theft,burglary,terrorism,assault tape and murder

54
Q

What is natural evil

A

The suffering which is not yo do with human actions, but with he way the world is. Examples are floods,volcanoes, cancer,disease and earthquakes

55
Q

Explaining why we have moral and natural evil

A

Traditionally it is easier to explain moral evil as it is
a result of human bad choices. It removes the blame
from God. Natural evil is more difficult to explain.
One explanation offered is the general laws argument:
scientific observation means that there must be
natural laws in operation. These laws describe inmate
processes and stresses such as, for example, stresses on
the carth’s crust causing earthquakes.

56
Q

Philosophical and non-religious challenges posed by belief in God’s goodness, free will and suffering

A

John Mackie
Atheist philosopher
He rejected some of the usual answers to the problem of evil that Christians often give

Evil is necessary as an opposite of good
Mackie rejects this; even if it is true that we need some evil and suffering to help us to appreciate the good, we only need a little bit. He argues that there is far more and far worse suffering than is needed to contrast with the good in the world.

Evil helps us to be come better people
He rejects the traditional Christian argument that suffering helps us to become better people. Why should God need to make us better through suffering? Why not just make us perfect to start with. Also if this is true why does suffering make some people worse

Evil is a consequence of free will
St Augustine and john hick rely on the existence of free will to explain why God allows evil to exist. Mackie rejects this; why couldn’t an omnipotent God simply make free human beings who always choose good instead of evil? He also feels that evil and suffering is too high of a price to pay for having free will

57
Q

St Irenaeus and John Hick

A

John Hick developed the ideas of St Irenaueus. According to Hick and Irenaeus, humans were made in the image of god, but are not perfect. They need to grow to become spiritually perfect. Suffering and evil. Is the best way for humans to develop. Throgh suffering we learn and grow and make the correct choices. The process of sould making is a response to evil in the world. This explains why God allows natural evil. This type of natural evil allows humans to grow and become better people

The key points from this :

od deliberately made an imperfect world because only in an imperfect world can we learn and grow

Through suffering we grow in God’s likeness

Suffering is painful but leads to a healthy soul e.g physical exercise can be painful but it can bring about a healthy body

58
Q

Jewish Beliefs on the nature and the origins of Evil

A

Jews do not believe that people are born evil( they do not share Christian concept of original sin). For Jews evil and suffering are seen as consequences of human beings wrong choices

Jews believe they are born free with the inclination to do good or to do evil, but that God has given unman beings choices and they must struggle against the inclination to do evil actions and obey God.

59
Q

Catholic Beliefs about the relationship between God’s goodness and the goodness of the created world

A

Catholics say God is good and creation is good. An analogy can be used to best explain Thi for example although everybody is a sinner, we will see many signs of goodness in people: generosity ,kindness, forgiveness and compassion . If this is human goodness then God the creator, in whose image humans are made , must be supremely good. Similarly we look at the world around us: at the oceans , forests , the sky and we marvel its beauty. This teaches us something of the beauty of God, as the ‘beauty of creation reflects the infinite beauty of the creator”(Catechism of the Catholic Church 341)

60
Q

Jewish Beliefs about the goodness of God

A

Similar to those of catholics. For Jews, God is the source of all life and referred to throughout the Torah as the only creator. The goodness of God is shown by the creation of the world and the giving of he Torah. Jews believe that God is the only Good and is omnipotent. There is no belief in an poppsite God. God Cares about the world

61
Q

The meaning of suffering and Catholic Ambivalance

A

Catholics generally hold that while suffering is always hard, it is not always eveil. As a result, Catholics have an ambivalent atttitude towards suffering (ambivalent means mixed feelings)

Christ’s death and Isaiah 53

Catholic views on suffering stem from the Bible:
•In the book of Job, Go tells the suffering Job that he is not capable of understanding the reason why God chooses to do or not do, certain things. Catholics must therefore trust that God understands the reasons for suffering
•Isaiah 53 describes how the acceptance of suffering by ‘ a suffering servant’ brought about salivation

Moreover, when Christian’s suffer it is a way to bring them closer to an understanding of Jesu(and how his suffering and death ultimately brought about salvation ) and a way to being about a greater good. So although sufffeing is horrible it can bring good things - ultimately they beliveit is it is. Mystery and good uses suffering to bring about good. Even so evil never become good

These factors shape how catholics respond to Suffeirnh. Catholics share their suffering with God in prayer During mass catholics pray for the sick and dying and those who are suffering by giving to charity. Some Christians feel it is their vocation to be doctors or nurses and fight against suffering

62
Q

Jewish Beliefs about suffering

A

For Jews, suffering comes from two different sources - humanmade
and natural. Often suffering has arisen because God has given free
will to people to do good or to do evil. Jews see evil and suffering as a
consequence of human beings’ wrong choices. Jews do not believe in
original sin.
For Jews, God is the source of all life and referred to throughout the
Torah as the sole creator. He is the judge and he is merciful. He will
protect and care for all that he has created. The goodness of God is
shown by the creation of the world and the giving of the Torah.
Jews have several solutions to the problem of suffering and evil. The
biblical book of Job suggests that it is fruitless for humans to try and
figure out why God causes people to suffer. Other traditional solutions
include the idea that suffering isn’t really bad. Jews interpret the
“suffering servant in prophet Isaiah, as being about the Jewish people
in general, which suggests that they suffer in order to redeem the
wicked of humanity,
The Jewish people suffered very badly under Nazi Germany when
millions of them were put to death in the Holocaust. There has been
much reflection on this from God is hiding to God is dead.

63
Q

The trinity what is it

A

Christians belive the following things about god
There is only 1 God
God exits as 3 persons : Father , Son and holy spirit]
Each of these 3 persons is distinct from the other two
But there are not 3 Gods

Catholics belve in one single God, who made himself known to the world as 3 distinct person: the aether, son and Holy Spirit
This is known as the doctrine of the trinity

The importance of the trinity for Catholics
Without the doctor I’ve of the trinity also is would be unable to believe Jesus was God. The belief that Jesus is God is fundamental and at the heart o Christianity

The importance of the trinity is demonstrated by its central role within religious practice. For example:
• The simplest of Catholic prayer, the sign of the cross, is trinitarien
•Many payers are said to or in the name of th trinity. For instance, Eucharistic prayer finishes with the words:
*“Through him, and with him, and in him, O God almighty father, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, ll glory and honour is yours, for ever and ever amen.

The nicene creed is so recited by catholics during prayer and worship, and at baptisms
•This is a way of reminding worshippers of the main points of Christianity
•The worshippers are declaring publicly that this is what they truly believe
•The creed is said together by everyone- a sign that they share these beliefs
•It binds them together as a group who share common beliefs

64
Q

The Nicene Creed and its relation to the trinity

A

The doctrine of the trinity is set out in the Nicene Creed. Catholics belive that the trinity works a one. Yet within its common purpose, each f the three Persons has a special role:
•God he father created heaven and earth
•God the son, Jeus is the savour of the world
• God the Holy Spirit is an invisible spiritual power, who guides, he;s and inspires human beings

65
Q

Jewish Beliefs on the trinity

A

Agree with Catholic there is only 1 God
This belief is stated in the most important prayer which is the Shema

It is also stated in the 10 commandments
However they do not accept Jesu as the Son of god or the idea if the Trinity.

There are different attributes of God such as ‘Judge’ and creator’ but these are only characteristics of the one God. These attributes of God are not separate person, but are just different ways in which humans can experience God.

66
Q

The development of the Trinity

A

The word ‘ Trinity’ does not appear in the bible. The doctrine of the trinity developed over several hundred years. Wen the firt Chrstiand began to reflect ion their experience of Jeus, they began to see that they experienced the one God in 3 different ways. Thy saw this in the scriptures

67
Q

Biblical supports for the doctorine of the trinity

A

The theological concept of the One God consisting of three divine
Persons (Father, Son and Holy Spirit) is found many times in the New
Testament, for example:
Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptising them in the name”
of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.* (Matthew 23:19)
• All things have been handed over to me by my Father; and no one
knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father
except the Son and any one to whom the Son chooses to reveal him.
(Matthew 11:27)
• Jesus Christ as the divine word/logos, the light and lif-ofthe world,
the ‘only-begotten Son” of the Father. John 1-1-18)
• We also see the Trinity at Jesus baptism.
(Mark 1:9-11)

68
Q

Augustine’s metaphorical explanation of he trinity: as a love, lover and beloved (Including a SOWA)

A

He used the idea that ‘God is Love’ (1 John 4:8) to explain the trinity
•Love needs 3 things: the person who is doing the loving, the person who is being loved and the love itself.
•These three aspects are present in God- even before God had made any creatures to Love. So St Augustine says the Trinity of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit is like this trinity of love, lover and beloved.

The idea of old as love is a helpful one for Christian’s because it makes it clear that love needs to be an important part if every Christian’s life

SOWA**” There are 3things in Love, as it were a trace of the Trinty.. love is of someone that loves, an with love something is loved. Behold, then, there are three things; he that loves, and that which is over, and love (Augustine, De Trinitate)

69
Q

What does Incarnation mean

A

It means ‘ made flesh. The Christian belief that God became man in the person of Jesus, fully human and fully divine.

70
Q

The meaning and the significance of the Incarnation

A

In Jesus God the son became a human being. It is called ‘the incarnation’ because God became visible in the flesh- the incarnation is seen as revelation

The most useful way Christians express this belief is by calling Jesus the ‘Son of God’ they mean that he is God who has become a human being; that he is the ‘Incarnate Son’. Christian’s also believe that Jesus is ‘fully God and fully human’
Christian’s believe that Jesus is one person, with two natures: one human nature , and one divine (which means ‘godly’) nature.

In the opening chapter of John’s Gospel, John calls Jesus ‘ the Word’(the word is God’s creative power. The idea of the incarnation is made very clear with the words. ‘The word became flesh and made his dwelling among us’ dwelling means a house ie God lived among us

In the kenosis hymm in Philippians, St Paul also shows how Jesus ‘emptied himself’ of his divine nature to become human.

71
Q

SOWA for origins of the Incarnation

A

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word
was with God and the Word was God. He was
in the beginning with God; all things were made
through him, and without him was not anything
made that was made.
(John 1:1-31)

And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us,
full of grace and truth; we have beheld his glory,
glory as of the only Son from the Father.
(John 1:14)

This passage is known as the kenosis hymn,
Kenosis is a Greek word meaning to empty or
pour out.
”[…] who, though he was in the form of God, did
not count equality with God a thing to be grasped,
but emptied himself, taking the form of a servant,
being born in the likeness of men. And being found
in human form he humbled himself and became
obedient unto death, even death on a cross”
(Philippians 2:5-8)

72
Q

Jewish Views on the incarnation

A

Similar to Trinity as they don’t belive in the incarnation as it challenges their basic belief that God is one. This belief is stated in the Shema, which is a very important prayer for Jewish people. It is also stated in the 10 commandments

73
Q

The incarnation and the problem of Evil

A

The belief in the incarnation is important to Christian’s in helping them respond to the problem of Evil.

The incarnation and suffering give Christians way of being able to continue to believe in the Goodness of God , even in the face of human suffering.

The Incarnation is important to Christians because it means that God, as Jesus , can identify with human beings. They belive the incarnation shows God’s immense love for human beings . In Jesus they see God who loves them so much that he was willing to take on human form and sacrifice his human life for them. Jesus understands fully what it means to be human. Jesus is a comfort to those who suffer becuase they belive God is with us in our suffering because Jesus himself experienced suffering and did not run from it but bore it out of love. Christian’s may not know why God allows suffering to happens, but they should trust God because he knows what they are going through.

Christians should also follow by example as Jesus spent his whole life working against suffering. The best example is him curing those who were sick

74
Q

John Paul II, Salvifici Doloris

A

The salvifici doloris is a document that was written by Pope St John Paul II. The title in Latin means ‘The saving power of suffering’

He says the problem of Evil is not easy to understand. The only way for humans to get an idea about it is to try and understand the depth of God’s love for human which Jesus showed through his willingness to die on the cross. He writes that if Christian’s willingly ‘offer up’ their own suffering in prayer for the sake of others, that they can share in the saving suffering of Jesus. If a Christian can do this , it is an act of love resembling Jesus’ own act of sacrifice. This is very difficult to understand but Pope St John Paul II believes that if we try and bear our suffering patiently and offer it to god in prayer, that God will somehow will be able to use it to bring about good for others

SOWA
“But in order to understand the why’ of suffering, we must look to the
revelation of divine love [.] This answer has been given by God to
human beings in the Cross of Jesus Christ.
Those who share in Christ’s suffering have before their eyes the
Paschal Mystery of the Cross and Resurrection, in which Christ takes
on human weakness [.] But if in this weakness there is accomplished
his lifting up, then the weaknesses of human suffering can be filled
with the same power of God made visible in Christ’s Cross.”
(Salvifici doloris, 13 and 23)

75
Q

Jesus’ examples of moral behaviour

A

C try to model themselves on Jesus
•Jesus gave golden rule ”Do to others as you would want them to do to you ”- this is a summary of the Sermon on the Mount. ‘So whatever you wish that men would do to you, do so to them; for this law and the prophets (Matthew 7:12)

•Jesus told his disciples to love .’ A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another; even as I have loved you, that you also love one another. By this all men will know that ou are my disciples, if you have love for one another’(John 13:34-35)
•Jesus showed this in the way he heard the sick (Jesus cleanses a leper, Matthew 8:1-4). He also made the outcast and sinner welcome.(Jesus and Zacchaeus, Luke 19:1-10)
•Jesus showed forgiveness t those who crucified him. (Luke 23:33-35)
•Jesus explains how his followers should behave in the Sermon on the mount( Matthew 5-7)

76
Q

Teachings of Jesus: the Beatitudes

A

Jesus also gives clear teachings on ho people should live their lives.

The clearest collection of these teachings is in chapters five to seven of Matthew’s Gsopedl in a section that is often called the sermon on the mount
•The sermon begins with a list of blessings, which are often called the beatitudes(Latin for ‘Blessings’)
•The key messages of the Beatitudes is that those who are closest to god are often those that te world does not recognise or value.

SOWA
“Blessed are the poor in spirit, for their in the kingdom of heaven”.
“Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted.”
“Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth.”[The Beatitudes, Matthew 5:3-5]

77
Q

The fulfilment of law:The sermon on the mount

A

Jeus is a source of amoral authority as he came to fulfil God’slaw. Jesus says that the requirements of being a follower of Jesus goes further and deeper than the law of Moses
Jesus repeats a phrase which begins with, you have heard that it was said..” and ends eh “2But say to you you” here jesus shows the ways in which being a follower of hi more demanding than the religious Torah whic his sisteners have bee living by. For example murder was wrong but now anger is unacceptable

78
Q

Jesus fulfilling g the law

A

Do not murder- don’t be angry settle arguments quickly
Do not commit adulatory- do not look lustfully at woman. If your eye cause you to sin, pluck it out

Divorce is allowable- no divorce except for sexual immorality

Do not break oaths- do not make an oath let your yes be a yes ad a no be a no

An eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth- turn the other cheek

Give to the needy- give in secret, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing

Prayer, fasting- don’t pray and fats for show you’ve had your rewards

79
Q

Other sources if moral authority

A

Natural law-
This is the idea that there is a discoverable moral law which applies to all humans. Natural law was put forward by Thomas Aquila’s. It says that all human beings have some props e inc moon; previewing life . Procreation seeing the trust , living in a society and worshipping God. Becuase of these commmon purposes there are some universal laws that all human begin have to obey e.g laws against murder, child abuse. At a basic level humans should avoid evil and do good

Catholics would say that the ability to find out natural law shows the universe is created by a God who i good. Thr ability to recognise the God given ability to tell the difference between good and evil.

Conscience
The mind of a human being making moral decisions. The ability to discover natural law is what catholics belive to call conscience. Catholics have an obligation to follow their conscience . Catholics must make sure their conscience is informed by the Bible and tradition as interpreted by the Church. Catholics making moral decide so must follow their conscience

They belve that if humans followed conscience more there would be far less evil
And far less suffering as a result . THe existence of conscience is another proof of the goodness of Gd who created human beings in. His own image , and sometime given as a response to the problem of evil

Virtues and suffering

Catholics belive that i big a god life and obeying one’s conscience is something that requires reactive. Catholics belive that there are moral habits which human beings need to practice in order to become good peopl. These moral habits are Calle d’ virutes’ which comes form the Latin word perfection. These virtues challenge out instinctive sleafishess our desire to keepso urselves are has to be overcome in order ccourageoys. For example petiole can grow in virtue though the experience of suffering h

80
Q

Conscience definition

A

Conscience is human reason making moral decisions. The knowledge
we have of what is right and wrong and the God-given compulsion
within all human beings to do what is right and to avoid what is evil.

81
Q

Natural Law Definition

A

Natural law is the moral laws of right and wrong which are universal
and not dependent on human laws. The belief in natural law is the
belief that the moral law is discoverable by every human being and is
the same for all human beings in all places at all times.

82
Q

Sculptures and statuary- cathodes

A

There will be a crucifix, a statue of Mary and sataure of the stuntwoman the church is nae,s . The crucifix is the most common focus of catholic payer and remind catholics of th incarnation

Catholics do not pray to statues but use them to focus and use them as a reminder of God and Jesus and helps ficus on the pray of hat really matter. They would say they don’t pray to Mary and the saint but asks them to intercede of thr behalf and pray to God for them

83
Q

Other studs traditions

A

Many Christians- especially those who belong to Protestant traditions, the making of studs goes against the second commandment as making any image an object of worship (Exodus 20:4-5)

84
Q

Jewish belief on statues

A

Big no no

Goes against ten corona dents “you shall have no other gods before me “ syangogues do not have any representation of goads he is above

85
Q

Pieta

A
86
Q

Life as a journey:Pilgrimage as a response to human suffering

A

Going to pilgrimage can help believers reflect on their life’s journey. It is an opportunity to take time out no focus on the journey to God
Often a journey of self discovery. Very few sic people come back cured but they may come back feeling at peace and able to accept and cope with the problems they face. In this way people learn how to vale the role of cof in tier lives in a new way.

Shrines to Mary
May places in pilgrimage sites are dedicated to Marye.g Lourdes
They pray t at these sites as they belive she can carry their message to God

87
Q

Lourdes

A

One of the most popular shrines is Lourdes, in south-west France.
In 1858, a young girl called Bernadette Soubirous had visions of Mary.
Mary told Bernadette to dig for a spring.
This spring is believed to have healing qualities and many pilgrims
bathe there.
Now thousands of pilgrims go to pray at the grotto.
Large numbers of young people volunteer as helpers for the sick and
disabled pilgrims, which can be a life-changing experience.
• It’s a practical way that ordinary people can respond to the mystery of
suffering

88
Q

Popular Piety

A

Popular piety is a form of devotion. It refers to forms of worship or prayer that are inspired by. Culture rather than the liturgical wishing of the church

Rosary
Beads used for catholics to concentrate thei pod
Each bead represents a prayer

Arranged in a sequence of 1 our father 1 Hail Marys and one girt be

They reflect in some of the most moist at event sof Jesus and Mary

These events are called the joyful mysteries

89
Q

Eduaquas

A

RE (8 decks)

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