Jewish Practices

Question 1

Worship

Answer 1

Prayers can be said anywhere in Judaism
However 10 people must be present for the shekinah to be present
So it is considered best in Judaism if a MINyan (a group of 10 worshipers) gathers in the synagogue to pray

Communal prayers are also believed to be less selfish than individual prayers

Shabbat Services
Shabbat service is seen as the central point of communal worship for Jews

Brings community together. Many Jews attend synagogue servcies on the Shabbat even if they don’t during well
Services are held Friday night and Shabbat morning ns late Shabbat afternoon
•The Shabbat morning service is conserved the central service for most Jews:
It is the longest service of the week
It includes the Shema prayer
It includes the AMIDAH prayer
It includes the Kaddish… praises to God
Passaged from the prophets are read and weekly sermon is given by the rabbi
After the service, Kiddush is held ( this is a special blessing held over a cup of wine)

Question 2

Differences in Orthodox and Reform synagogue worship

Answer 2

Reform Service
- Quite traditional but contains more use of language of the county e in which the service is taking place
- Prayers and readings will feel t Refrom beliefs e.g. leaving out references to bodily resurection, a personal Jewish Messiah and Angels
- Reform Services often play instrumental or recorded music

Orthodox Services
- Often predominantly in Hebrew.. the sacred language of the scriptures
- Reflect their traditional beliefs.. such a that of the bodily resurection
- Orthodox services will often have unaccompanied signing and chanting with very little. “music”

Question 3

Jewish Prayer

Answer 3

Different types of prayer in Judaism

•Praising God- This involves praising God for his qualities. By thinking of specific qualities of God such as Justice, Jews think about the qualities they should aim for

•Requests of God- These are’t just requests for what people want but what God thinks is best for them.
•Thanksgiving-These show gratitude for the life God has given and the blessings granted.

Most Jewish prayers are contained in a book called the Siddur

One really imporntant Jewish Prayer is called AMIDAH and it is said at the Shabbat service
It is referred to as ;
1. The HaTellifah (The prayer) and
2. The standing Prayer- ad people stand throughout it because they are in God’s presence

It contains 18 blessings and contains all three types of prayer (requests, praise and thanksgiving). It is usually recited silently but in services is sometimes recited by the leader and the congregation respond “Amen” after each blessing

One famous Rabbo (Rabbi Halevi) Said “Prayer is for the soul what food is for the body”

Question 4

Jewish Worship in the Home

Answer 4

Expected that Jews will pray in the home and will say the Shema a number of times in the day- especially in the morning

•They have a PUSHKE BOX this is a charity box. Giving ti the poor is an act of justice and not (just) charity

•Jewish homes will have a Mezuzah on the right-hand door post and every doorpost in the home (except the bathroom). This is a small box that contains a tiny scroll with the Shema prayer written on it. The word “Shaddai” is written on the back meaning almighty

•Jewish homes will have a Siddur- the Jewish prayer book contains all main prayers and blessings

Question 5

Shabbat

Answer 5

This is considered by many Jews, the most important practice within Judaism,
It is a gift from God when we don’t need to think about weekday worries.
It remembers both the day of rest during Creation AND the Jewish release
from slavery in Egypt.
Jews have kept Shabbat even in times of persecution.
Nothing creative or destructive can be undertaken.
Driving, cooking, watching TV and carrying anything between two locations is
forbidden by Orthodox Jews.

Orhtodox
Many Orhtodox Jews abide by all shabbat laws.. including forvinnging of carrying or pushing any object in public

In some areas, this has led Orthodox Jewish communities to construct an ERUV
This is a species enclosure, alllowed by Jewish Law with set boundaries such as roads, rivers, hedges etc. If there are no natural boundaries fence posts can be uses

THTE ERUV is considered an enclosed areas within which wheelchairs can be pushed on shabbta and glasses house keys etc can be carried to and from the synagogue

Shabbat in the home
The woman of the snails lights two candles to welcome shabbat into the home a the evening falls
The males will usually be at the synagogue and when they return a meal will be eaten( prepared before shabbat)
The meal willl begin with a blessing over two braided loves called “Challah”- they symbolise the food from God eaten by the Jews in the desert during exodus

At the beginning of the Shabbat meal, the kiddush belssing is recited over a cup of wine- it is a symbol of Joy and relaxation

At sun seton sat (as shabbat ends) the HAVDALAH candle is lit- a braided candle. It is a separation between shabbat and the rest of the week. IT IS SAAYING GOODBYE TO SHABBAT

Cup of wine then passed around the family and a sweet spice is smelled by everyone- this is to symbolise the hope of the sweet week ahead

Question 6

What do Jews wear for worship ?

Answer 6

Kippah- Jewish ymbol of identity and sign of respect for God. Some Jews wear the kippah all te time whereas others only wear it durin g worship

Tallit-A shawl-like gmrent with fringes attached to represent the 613 mitzvot . The Torah refers to the duty of wearing fringes in the corners of clothes

The tallit Gadol (large) is worn during praye and worship and sometimes wrapped und body after death

The TALLIT KATAN(small) is worn by the others do Jews under normal clothing every day

TEFFILIN- only worn by Orthodox males at morning PRAYER ( expect on Shabbat or festivals). On leather box is worn on the head (TEFILLIN shel Rosh) and contains 2 paragraphs of the Shema . The other is strapped to the arm (TEFILLIN shel yad) and leans towards the heart
We must save God with our mind and heart

Question 7

The differences between the two Tallits

Answer 7

Tall it- A shawl-like gmrent with fringes attached to represent the 613 mitzvot . The Torah refers to the duty of wearing fringes in the corners of clothes (in numbers 15)

The tall it Gadol (large) is worn during praye and worship and sometimes wrapped und body after death

The TALLIT KATAN(small) is worn by the others do Jews under normal clothing every day

It obeys (Duetronomey 6:8) a prayer is days when the TEFILLIN is in place “blessed are you , Lord our Go, king of the universe, who sanctified us with his commands as to wear a TEFILLIN”2

Question 8

The Synagaoge- what is its purpose

Answer 8

Place of worship “best tefilah”
It is where Jews will come to pray as a “minyan” so that the Shekinah may be present

Jews will sometimes come to pray here on a daily basis
Prayer services are held here

A place of study “best midrash”
Some Jews refer to synagogue as “shul”2, meaning “2school”2

The study of sacred texts is leifeling task .. the study of these text will take place in synagogue

Jewish Cildren will study RE in the synagogue

A place for social/community events- the synagogue acts as a kind of “town hall”2 where community mattercan be discusses
It will be the centre of charitable collections for the poor

There wil ve a calendar for social activities

Question 9

What are the 3 problems facing synagogues faith ?

Answer 9

**Fewer Rabbis **
Fewer people are willing to take on the role of
Rabbi ~ especially as it remains quite a low
paid position in many communities

Security

As with many churches, synagogues can be a
target for vandalism and it can be costly to
provide round the clock security. Some
countries have even experienced terrorist
attacks on synagogues

Decreasing worshippers

There are decreasing worshippers in many
areas with synagogues often being far larger
than needed. There are also increasing
numbers of elderly Jews who often cannot get
to synagogue.

Question 10

Features of a synagogue

Answer 10

Aron hakodesh

The most important part of the
synagogue. This is the “Ark where the Torah scrolls are
kept. The ark doors may be opened or closed - but the
opened doors represents the importance of the prayer.

Torah Scrolls

These are the most sacred thing
in any synagogue. They are handwritten and
made from animal skin, Each end of the scroll
is stitched to a pole called the “Tree of Life”.
They are wrapped in silk or velvet.

Bimah

This is the central platform on which
stands the desk from which the Torah scrolls
are read. It is in the centre in an Ortgodox
synagogue and at the front in a Reform.

*Ner Tamid**

This is beside the Aron Hakodesh
and is sometimes called the “eternal lamp”. It
is never extinguished. It represents God’s
eternal presence.

**Womens seating(orthodox)(Ezrat Nashim)

This is the
main difference between Orthodox and
Reform synagogues. The sexes MUST be
completely separated in Orthodox worship but
may mix in Reform.

Question 11

What is a minyan

Answer 11

Some prayers require a community of worshipers defined as 10 people

Many reform synagogues no longer have minyan or allow a mixed minyan of men and women. Orhtodox mus have had Brit Milan to join minyan

AMIDAH, Priestley medication and Kaddish cnanot be recited without a minyan

Question 12

Similarities between synagogues

Answer 12

•NO STATUES- TO OBEY EXODUS 20-8-120
•I the Midrash it states; God asks “Is there one who came to the synagogue and did not fine my presence here “
•Facing Jerusalem where he temple stood

Question 13

How do rituals play an important role in Judaism

Answer 13

R- Realtionships with Giod are established through each ritual. Sometimes this will be through a particular action, for example circumscision or through performing mitzvah stated in Torah
I- Identity of being Jewish is reinforced through entail in front of the Jewish Communtity
T- Tradiations of Judaism are kept. The tiruals have been a historically imporntant part of Judaism. For example, it was through a covenant between God and Barhama h that the ritual birt Milah began
U- unity amongst Jews is shown through the ritual. At burial everyone should be treated the same to show there is not fieerence between rich and poor. Often the Jewish commuting will support in the perpation of a tidal such as the burial society
A- Affirms faith in God from the individual as each ritual often includes prayers
L- Lifecycle of a Jew involves rituals from birth to death. This shows the continual relationship between a Jew and God throughout life

Question 14

Brit Milah

Answer 14

Who -Eight day old boy or males converting to Judaism

What happens- A mohel will cirucmisece the baby on the eight day after birth, Usually only men attend ceremony although there will be women in reform. The baby is laced on an Empty chai- Elijah chair. Then the baby is placed on the lap of the sander. After the cricumsion the father says. A blessing

Why is it imporntant

It shows a relationship with God as it
represents the covenant made with
Abraham. During the brit the boy is
given his Hebrew name. The brit is
such an important form of identity that
men converting to Judaism must have a
circumcision in Orthodox Judaism

Question 15

Bar Mitzvah

Answer 15

Who-Usually Jewish boys have a bar mitzvah ceremony on the Shabbat after their
13th birthday.

What happens-Before a bar mitzvah the boy is taught about the importance of prayer and
learns Hebrew so he can read his portion from the Torah in the synagogue.
The boy is called up to the birah in the synagogue to recite a blessing and
read his part of the Torah. Friends and relatives watch. His father then recites
a statement in which he thanks God. This is usually followed by a form of
celebration.

Importance- It is a sign of entering into manhood and building a relationship with God. After
a bar mitzvah boys can form part of the minyan (group of ten people needed for
some prayers). They are believed to be responsible enough to keep the mitzvot
in the Torah. Some Jewish boys will start to wear tefillin for prayers.

Question 16

Bat MITZVAH AND BAT CHAYIL

Answer 16

Who-celebration for girls. Usually girls do not have large ceremonies
and some have no ceremonies at all. Some Orthodox girls have a bat
chayil ceremony (daughter of worth) instead. Some Reform have a bat
mitzvah. Often both ceremonies happen at the age of 12

What happens-There are many different types of celebrations which often depend
upon the traditions of the family. Usually bat mitzvahs will include a
special service in the synagogue and a presentation of her learning.
Reform Jews might read from the Torah scrolls during the service.

Importance-
Usually girls do not have such large ceremonies as a bar mitzvah
as they are not required to do the same duties as boys. In Reform
Judaism after the bat mitzvah girls may be part of the minyan and read
from the Torah scrolls

Question 17

Marriage

Answer 17

Who-In Reform Judaism same-sex marriages are allowed as well as male
and female weddings. Orthodox Judaism does not recognise same-
sex marriages.

What happens-Ceremonies can happen in synagogues, hotels or open spaces. There
should be a chuppah under which the rabbi conducts the ceremony.
The kiddushin [holy) is the first part of the ceremony. It is often
called the betrothal ceremony. The second part of the ceremony is
the nisuin in which seven further blessings are said to finalise the
marriage, Rings are exchanged. The bride normally wears a ring on
her index finger. The marriage contract or ketubah is signed by bride
and groom. This is an important legal document. At the end of the
ceremony a glass is stamped on by the groom.

Importance -it fulfils the duty in the Torah to: “A man shall therefore leave his
.
father and mother and be united with his wife, and they shall become
one flesh (Genesis 2.24). So it allows for the bearing of children
and to “be fruitful and multiply. By taking place under the chuppah
symbolises the importance of the Jewish home,

“A man shal leave his father ND MOTHER AND BE UNITED WITH HIS WIDE, AND THEY SHALL BECOME ONE FLESH”

Question 18

Tenakh

Answer 18

Jewish scriptue

Question 19

Torah

Answer 19

The first 5 hookes of Moses - the laws books of moses

Question 20

Nvei’im

Answer 20

The books of phrophest

Question 21

Ketuvi’m

Answer 21

The books of the writings

Question 22

Shema

Answer 22

Prayer which states Gods oneness

Question 23

Shekinah- the place where God’s presence rests and can be felt

Question 24

Orthodox

Answer 24

Right doctorine or teaching - Orthodox Jews practiced for centuries
The live closely to eahcing sof Torah

Question 25

Reform

Answer 25

Belive some fact-checked should be harmonised with modern life

Question 26

AMIDAH

Answer 26

Core of every Jewish service
People stand in AMIDAH as it means standing to shows Gods presence

It consists of 18 blessing
Can be divided into 3 sections

The prayers- the prayer of God- request thanksgiving

Question 27

Sabbath SOWA

Answer 27

“Remember the sabbath day by keeping it holy”exodus 20:8-11

“2If you keep your feet from breaking the sabbath then you will find your Joy in the Lord”

Question 28

Marriage- Kddushin

Answer 28

Kiddushin means Holy or sanctified this is ir st part of marriage
The second part is nuisuin

K-Ketubah- Marriage contract made between the bride and groom. Traditionally husband promises to support wife. Remains property of wife

I- Intentions- Entering into the marriage e both partners must have the right intentions. It is considered a meeting of spatula expericne in which respect and faithfulness to eachother are expected

D- Down the aisle- bride walks down the aisle to meet the groom an bridesmaids under the chuppah

D- Declaration- in front of witnesss as a ring is placed on the brides finger. The groom will declare “ behind you are consecrated to be by means of this ring according to the situals of Moses and Israel’s”2 He also read promises made in the Ketubah. In the Sephardic community this is read t groom before the ceremony begins

U- Under the chuppah- Main part of the ceremony Akers place under the chuppah. This is a shelter with four side slope and symbolises a Jewish home. Across chuppah there will often be besllsings written in Hebrew. Two blessings are said in Kiddushin- one for the emir and second for the commitment that the bride and groom are making to eachother

S- At the end of the ceremony a glass is stamped on by the groom. Many reasons are given for this custom such as a reminder that marriage is fragile (like glass) or a reminder of derctuin of templ

H- Happiness- considered dim print at especially in context of service of God . Marriage is seen as a blessing and yours occasion. It is referencing to as a simcha, meaning joyous celebration

I- The ring is placed on the bride’s index or forefinger on her right hand. IT is bevel that the finger is connected to heart. Round ring is a symbol of eternity

NNusin- the second part if the Verona in which seven fuerhter blessings are said to finalise the marriage. The blessing praise God for creating human race and bringing happiness to couple

Question 29

Mourning rituals

Answer 29

The rituals followed at death depend very much on the individuals and the type of Judaism
they follow.
AT DEATH:
If possible, it is ideal that a person’s last moments should be spent reciting the
SHEMA prayer.
CHEVRA KADISHA:
Athis is the burial society which is attached to the synagogue, They will prepare the body for
burial. The body is washed and dressed in plain white gowns. Those who perform this are
volunteers and take great care as Jews believe THE BODY IS THE EARTHLY CONTAINER FOR
THE SOUL and so should be treated with great dignity.
AFTER DEATH:
The funeral is arranged by the ONAN (the main mourner), At this point, THEY ARE EXEMPT
FROM ALL MITZVOT except for preparing for the burial. In Judaism, a body should not be
left alone and so someone will stay with the body until burial.

BURIAL:
Jews tend to bury rather than cremate bodies. This should be done as soon as possible. The
funeral is plain and simple. The coffin is unpolished with no brass handles to show that
everyone is equal in death. Blessings are given and a memorial prayer is said. SOME
Orthodox Jews walk around the coffin 7 times and pray for the Angel of Mercy to
accompany the coffin.
SHIVA:
The first week after the funeral is known as SHIVA (meaning seven). During this week, the
mourners will stay in their homes, Male mourners will recite KADDISH ~ a prayer declaring
God’s greatness.
Some mourners will sit on low stools during Shiva, however, on Shabbat, no mourning
is to take place. During mourning, Jews cover mirrors and music cannot be played. A
candle is kept burning day and night to represent the dead parson’s soul;
“A person’s soul is the candle of the Lord” (Proverbs 20: 27)
The end of Shiva is NOT the end of mourning. For four weeks (the “Shloshim”), parties
must be avoided and the hair is not to Me cut.

The tombstone is to be erected before the end of the first year after death. This ceremony is called
“The Unveiling”. Stones, NOT flowers are left by visitors to the grave. This may date back to
Abraham marking the spot of Sarai’s grave with a pebble.
A YAHRZEIT ceremony is held each year to mark the death when prayers are said and a candle
burns for 24 hours,

Question 30

Jewish Daily life

Answer 30

Scripture is extremely important for Jews

Tenakh- oils the name if the 24 books of Jewish scriptures consist of 3 thins:
•The torah( 5 most holy books- genesis, exodus, Leviticus, number dueteronomy)
*Nevim - the book of the prophets
Ketuvim- holy writings, including psalms

In addition to Tenakh is the Talmud this is made up of 2 things
•Mishnah- for centuries the teachings of Judaism were passed down by word of mouth ( the oral torah) when Jews moved around he Roman Empire, these teachings were written done

•Gemara- thi gives further dentals on the Mishnah, explaining and guiding

Question 31

Kosher Laws

Answer 31

Leviticus 11:1-23 refers to t many issues of keeping kosher and is still used by many Jews today.

Forbidden foods(Treifah)-
•Many types of bird
•Shellfish
•Fish without fins and scales
•Animlas that don’t chew the cud or have hooves that are completely parted

Must be killed and cooked in certain ways

Judaism forbids causing unnecessary pain
to animals and so the throat is cut with a
razor-sharp knife, causing immediate lack
of consciousness and death. This method is
called:
schechitah
The person performing this act is called a
SHOCHET and they are expected to live a
good and honourable Jewish life. The blood
is then drained as the Torah forbids eating
animal blood.

Exodus 23:19 states

“Bring the best of your first fruits of the soil
to the house of the Lord. Do not cook a
young goat in its mother’s milk”
Therefore, Jews do not mix meat and dairy
products and will not eat them in the same
meal. There are some foods that can be
eaten with any meal and they include:
Vegetables
Eggs
V
Plants
Fish

Question 32

What does Kosher mean

Answer 32

Fit and proper according to Jewish law

Question 33

Jewish Festivals -Rosh Hashanah

Answer 33

This is Jewish New year
Origins and meaing

It traditionally celebrates the Creation of the
World.
“Rosh” means “head” and refers to the direction
the new year will take.
It is linked closely to judgement and urges us to
repent of our past sins.
It is a serious festival where Jews consider how
they could have lived better lives.

Celebration
Special services are held in the synagogue on the eve of Rosh
Hashanah.
• Special foods such as pomegranates, apples and honey will be eaten to
symbolise a sweet new year ahead.
• At the morning service a shofar (ram’s horn) is blown 100 times to
represent the crying of the soul asking to be reunited with God.
Some Jews will perform tashlikh when they cast away the crumbs in
their pockets to symbolise their sins being cast away.into a running streams
• During the next ten days Jews consider their deeds in the last year and
try to apologise to anyone they have done wrong to.

Question 34

The ten days of returning

Answer 34

In the 10 days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, Jews consider past deeds. They
make amends with those they’ve wronged and plan to do better next year. Judaism teaches
that in order for God to forgive us, we must seek forgiveness from others.

Question 35

Yo Kippur

Answer 35

This is the holiest day of the Jewish
Year!
It is an end to the 10 days of
repentance
It is a day of forgiveness
FST throughout day
Many spend in synagogue

It requires self-denial in 5 areas:
“ Food
Wearing perfumes
Drinking
Sex
Wearing leather shoes

Celebration

The day before Yom Kippur is a day of
preparation ~ charitable works are often
undertaken
Yom Kippur begins in the home with an early
dinner to allow for attendance at synagogue
before sundown,
Yom Kippur is a 25 hour fast where many lews
abstain from ANY food or water - those who are
ill or vulnerable need not fast (Remember
Pikuach Nefesh?)
The story of Jonah is told in the synagogue
telling of God’s willingness to forgive those who
fully repent.
The Torah scrolls are “dressed” in white, as is the
rabbi - a colour of forgiveness
The doors of the ark are open to show the gates
of heaven are open.
Confessions are quietly made to God

The YIZKOR is a service at Yom Kippur which
remembers the dead.
After nightfall, a single blast of the shofar
announces an end to the fast and families make
HAVDALAH (see the section on Shabbat).
Traditionally, during the evening, children start
to make their SUKKAH (a hut), ready for the
festival of SUKKOT

Food and money often given to poor to help them

Some observant Jews will visit the mikveh( natural pool of water) for a spiritual cleaning before Yom Kippur

Question 36

Sukkot

Answer 36

Origins and meaning

Sukkot begins on TISHRI 15 (the fifth day after
Yom Kippur)
It is an important festival and is included in the
Mitzvot that Jews should keep.
It is a HARVEST FESTIVAL
It remembers the Jews during the 40-year
Exodus living in temporary shelters in the
wilderness.
Certain items have become associated with the
festival of Sukkot that are referred to in
Leviticus (in the Torah) + theses items have
become known as THE FOUR SPECIES;
The LULAV (A frond from a palm tree)
The MYRTLE (An evergreen shrub)
The WILLOW (another plant)
The ETROG (a citrus fruit)
Some Jews say that the Four Species represent
different parts of the body that could sin but
should unite against sin:

LULAV ~ the spine ~ your actions
MYRTLE ~ the eye ~ how you see life
WILLOW ~ the mouth ~ your speech
ETROG ~ the heart ~ your emotions
Other Jews say that the Four Species represent
different Jews:
ETROG~ Jews who know the Torah and perform
Mitzvot (pleasing taste and smell)
LULAV ~ Jews who know the Torah but lack
Mitzvot (tasty fruit but no scent)
MYRTLE ~ Jews who perform Mitzvot but know
little of the Torah (strong scent but no taste)
WILLOW ~ Jews with no knowledge of the Torah
and who don’t perform Mitzvot(no tatse
scent)

Celebration

Sukkot lasts for 7 days
No work is allowed on the first and second day
of the festival
Jewish families build a SUKKAH (a temporary
shelter)
The roof of the shelter MUST be made from
something that has grown from the ground (such
as bamboo)
The roof is called a SEKHAKH and must be sparse
enough that the rain can get through and that
the stars can be seen.
Jews differ in how much they “dwell” in the
Sukkah during the festival ~ some sleep and eat
in it, others may just eat meals in it and sleep in
the house.

On each morning of Sukkot (except Shabbat),
people put the lulav in their right hand and
recite a blessing to God. The lulav and Etrog are
waved in 6 directions:
Front (towards Jerusalem)
Right
Back
Left
Up
Down
This is representing that God’s power is
EVERYWHERE!
Many synagogues will also have a Sukkah

Question 37

Pesach

Answer 37

Origins and meaning
Celebrates the release of the Jewish
people from slavery in Egypt
Also known as
“Passover”
God commanded that Jews
celebrate this festival every year as
a mark of freedom:
“This day must be one that you will
remember. You must keep it as a
festival to God for all generations. It
is a law for all time that you must
celebrate it”. (Exodus 12: 14)
It is sometimes referred to as the
Festival of Freedom. Prayers are
said each year for those who are not
free.

Celebration

In preparation, Jews remove all grain products
from their houses (called “chametz”). They are
not allowed to be eaten during the festival.
Leavened goods (containing yeast), such as
bread, beer and oats are also removed from the
house and lews thoroughly clean to remove
even the smallest crumb!
This custom is linked to the Israelites not having
time to allow their bread to rise as they left
Egypt.
Candles are lit to welcome Pesach.
The family goes to the synagoguf
A special meal is held called the Seder Meal,
There are many symbolic foods on the table:
A lamb-bone ~ a symbol of the lamb that
was sacrificed
A boiled egg ~ a symbol of new life
A green vegetable dipped in salt water
to symbolise the tears of the Jews in
slavery

Bitter herbs ~ symbolising the bitterness
of slavery
Charoset~ a paste of apples, walnuts and
wine ~ representing the mortar the slaves
used in building
UNLEAVENED BREAD is eaten, again as a
reminder that their ancestors didn’t even have
time to allow their bread to rise. The bread is
called MATZAH.
4 glasses of wine are drunk symbolising joy and
one glass of wine is left for the Prophet Elijah
who will return to announce the coming of the
Messiah.