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gcse biology > topic 2:cell division > Flashcards

topic 2:cell division Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a haploid cells

A

haploid cells contain one copy of each chromosome

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2
Q

what type of cells are haploids

A

Gametes (sperm and egg cells)

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3
Q

what are diploid cells

A

cells that contain two copies of each chromosome (46)

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4
Q

why does a red blood cell not have DNA

A

to contain as much oxygen as possible

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5
Q

what stage is a cell in when it is not dividing

A

interphase, when a cell is just being a cell.

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6
Q

why are people long sighted and how to correct

A

.occurs when the eyeball is too short so the image is focus behind the retina

fixed with a converging lens to bend rays before they reach the eye

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7
Q

what is the definition of genetically identical

A

an exact clone of the original cell

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8
Q

What is a stem cell

A

An undifferentiated cell

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9
Q

growth

define

A

An increase of size as a result of an increase in the number or size of cells

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10
Q

define a stimulus

A

anything your body is sensitive to

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11
Q

what are impulses

A

an electrical signal

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12
Q

what is a synapse

A

a junction between two neurons across which electrical signals pass

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13
Q

what are the chemicals diffuse across the synapse

A

neurotransmitters

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14
Q

what releases the neurotransmitter molecules

A

postsynaptic cell

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15
Q

Describe how the arrival of an impulse at the end of one neurone can cause an impulse in a neighbouring neurone

A

impulse triggers the release of a neurotransmitter (1)

neurotransmitter is released into synapse (1)

next neurone detects the
neurotransmitter (1)

new impulse is generated in the next neurone. (1)

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16
Q

what are effectors

A

organs, muscles, cells that act in response to a stimulus

17
Q

name the different parts of the brain

A

cerebral cortex (right and left hemisphere)

brain stem (medulla oblongata)

cerebellum

18
Q

what happens in a CT Scan

A

An X-ray beam moves around in a circle around the head and detectors measure the absorption of X-rays throughout different parts of the body.

The computer then builds up a view of the body with a series of photos.

19
Q

Explain the process of a PET scan

A

.pateint is injected with radioactive glucose
.in the machine the more active cells take in more glucose for respiration
.the scanner detects gamma rays emitted
.allows to see different activity in different parts of the brain

20
Q

compare a CT scan with a PET scan

A
21
Q

what are some drawbacks with using embryonic stem cells in medicine

A

. ethically questionable
.only a small amount as they only come from embryos
.there is a chance that the body might reject the stem cells

22
Q

tudying the brain involves matching specific regions of the brain with specific functions.

What are the three main ways that scientists can do this?

A

.study people with brain damage

.use scans (CT, PET, MRI)

.electrically stimulate different parts of the brain

23
Q

What are the three main reasons treating the brain is so difficult?

A

.many things can go wrong including, infection or mental illness

.it is encased in the skull and hard to access

.complicated and hard to target with medications

24
Q

why is mitosis so important (GRAPE)

A

mitosis is used in:
growth
repair
asexual reproduction to create genetic clones

25
Q

what does mitosis produce

A

two genetically identical diploid daughter cells

26
Q

why are people short sighted and how can it be fixed

A

short sightedness occurs when the eyeball is too long so the image focuses in front of the retina

it can be manged with a diverging lens that spreads out rays before they reach the eye

27
Q

what is cataracts how is it treated

A

when a protein builds up inside the lens making vision cloudy

can be fixed by replacing the clouded lens with a plastic one

28
Q

How does colour blindness happen

A

when some cones cells in the eye do not work properly and so make it harder for people to see certain colours

29
Q
A

gcse biology (13 decks)

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