paper 2 wrong answers Flashcards
why do potatoes need glucose
for energy/respiration
how is starch broken down
amylase enzyme forms enzyme substrate complex where the starch fits the active site shape and is broken into glucose
how to test for proteins
buiret test, adding sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate turns from blue to purple
why is the cattle biomass area smaller than the area labelled plants
-less energy in the cattle than the plants
-not all energy from the plants is passed on to the cattle
why would an increase in meat consumption decrease food security
-less food for people to eat
-farming meat does not produce as much food per acre arable farming
-takes up space where crops could be grown
how to test for glucose presence
benedict’s test
add solution and heat
turns from green to red
what is the equation for stroke volume
output/heart rate
how do valves help blood flow towards the heart
valves close
preventing blood flowing backwards
ensuring it flows in the correct direction to the heart
how is the heart adapted for function (3 points explained)
-septum-stops de-oxygenated blood mixing with oxygenated
-atria-pump blood to the ventricles and ventricles push blood out the heart
-both have valves to prevent blood flowing backwards
-the left side has thicker/stronger muscle as it pushes blood at high pressures further around the body
how are human circulatory systems more efficient than frogs
- frogs have no walls separating the different bloods
-humans have four chambers, frogs only have three
-frogs have some sections of mixed blood
describe method to observe how much artery tissue can stretch until it can no longer return to its original size
-measure tissue
-add masses and measure
-repeat until it does not go back to original size
what are 3 visible features of red blood cells
-bi-concaved shape
-round
-smooth
explain one disadvantage of fertility hormone treatment
treatment can lead to multiple eggs maturing and being fertilized
this may lead to complications during pregnancy resulting in still births
why do progesterone levels change following day 14
follicle breaks open corpus leuteum is produced that secretes progesterone
increased levels to maintain the lining of the uterus during ovulation
how do high amino acid levels cause high concentration of urea in urine
-liver breaks down amino acids into urea
-urea is carried in the blood to the kidneys
-they enter the nephron
-during ultra-filtration some useful substances are re-absorbed, urea is not
-moves out the nephron through collecting duct and stored in the bladder where urine has a high concentration of urea
adaptations of grass in hot dry climates (5)
-thick waxy cuticle to reduce water loss via transpiration
-stomata in pits/lower side of the leaf to reduces water evaporating out of the leaf
-small surface area in a thin blade shape to decrease amount of water lost
-hairs trap air to increase carbon dioxide intake
-curved shape
adaptations of cactuses to withstand the weather conditions
-plants have thorns this prevents animals from eating it
-large surface area to store water in
-thick waxy cuticle to decrease water lost through evaporation
-moist air trapped in cool leaves
-fleshy stem collects and stores water
explain function between spongy mesophyll
gaps between allow for gas exchange and movement between structures
so carbon dioxide and water and enter and exit cells
what do stomata do
allow gas exchange and water vapour to exit
role of the waxy cuticle
surrounds the leaf means less water loss from the leaf
what is the benefit of a plant being day neutral
can flower year round
why does reducing water help preserve
kills/decreases amount of microorganisms that require water to survive
this reduces the decay process
another way to measure light intensity that isnt calculating
using a light meter
advantages of gravitropism
anchors the plant
allows access to water and mineral ions
what do auxins do in shoots
increase cell elongation
how do changes to the guard cells on the warm day help the plant to survive
guard cells change shape and close stomata to reduce water loss through transpiration
advantages and disadvantages of using biofuels
-sustainable
-takes up carbon dioxide when grown
-reduces food production
-takes up land and reduces biodiversity
what is the impact of energy loss on the food chain
limits the length of the food chain
what happens to food eaten that is not converted into the body mass of the caterpillar
-some is egested
-some is used in respiration when the caterpillar moves
-some is used in homeostasis
why are mites parasites
-live in/on host
-feed of the host
how can scientists use a belt transect to investigate how light intensity affect the growth of stinging nettles
place quadrat along tape measure
measure along the transect
measure light intensity at different distances
measure the growth of the stinging nettles at these different distances
