Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology A-level > Topic 2 - A : Cell structures > Flashcards

Topic 2 - A : Cell structures Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the different structure making up the cell wall in:
-Fungal cells
-Plant Cells
-Prokaryotic cells

A

Fungal cells: Chitin
Plant cells: Cellulose
Prokaryotic cells: Murien

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Draw and explain the function of the cell membrane

A

Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell
Has receptors on exterior to respond to chemicals like hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Draw and explain the function of the Nucleus

A

Controls the cells activities and contains chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Draw and explain the function of the Mitochondrion

A

The site of aerobic respiration ( producing ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Draw and explain the function of the Chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis
Stroma - Thick liquid inside organelle
Granum - Stacked and folded in some parts of organelle
Lamella - Hold the granum together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Draw and explain the function of the Golgi Apparatus

A

Process and package new lipids and proteins. Also makes lysosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Draw and explain the function of the Golgi vesicle

A

Stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and transports them out the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Draw and explain the function of the Lysosome

A

Contains hydrolitic enzymes which can break down invading or worn out components of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Draw and explain the function of the Ribosome

A

Either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Site of protein synthesis (makes proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Draw and explain the function of the Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Draw and explain the function of the Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesis and processes new lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Draw and explain the function of the Cell wall
(ps- describe what it is made of in fungal, plant and prokaryotic cells)

A

Supports the cell providing rigidity and prevents changing shape
(ps- fungal (chitin), Plant (cellulose), Prokaryotic (murien)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Draw and explain the function of the Cell vacuole

A

Helps maintain pressure inside the cell and keep the cell rigid, preventing wilting. Also helps in the isolation of unwanted chemicals inside the cell.de

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Compare prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic cells much smaller, simpler and have no membrane bound organelles ( like a nucleus) in their cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Draw and explain the function of the Flagellum

A

A long hair like structure that rotates to make the cell move, not all cells have one and some have more than one.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Draw and explain the function of the DNA loop

A

This is instead of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell, this DNA floats free in the cells cytoplasm

17
Q

Draw and explain the function of the Plasmids

A

Small loops of DNA not attached to the main DNA molecule. Plasmids contain genes for things like antibiotic resistance and can be passed between prokaryotes

18
Q

Draw and explain the function of the capsule (slime)

A

Helps to protect from attack by cells of the immune system

19
Q

Explain the process of Binary fission

A

-Circular DNA loop and plasmids replicate
-DNA loops move to opposite poles of the cell
-Cytoplasm begins to divide
-Cytoplasm divides forming two daughter cells with a copy of the DNA

20
Q

Explain the basics of a virus

A

-Not a cell
-Do have a protein coat called a capsid
-Attachment proteins whose job is to find an appropriate host cell
-Core of genetic material-ie, DNA or RNA

21
Q

Briefly explain viral replication

A

1)Virus attaches to host cell receptor proteins
2)Genetic material released into host cell
3)Genetic material replicated by host cell machinery
4)Viral components reassemble
5)Replicated virus released from host cell

22
Q

What is the equation for magnification?

A

Magnifation = image size/actual size

23
Q

Name an advantage and disadvantage of TEM microscope?

A

+ Higher resolution image produced
- Can only be used on thin and non living specimens

24
Q

Name an advantage and disadvantage of SEM microscope?

A

+ Can be used on thick specimens
+ Can produce 3d image
- Produces lower resolution images
- Can only be used on non living specimens

25
Q

Briefly explain how to prepare a microscope slide

A

-Pippete a small drop of water onto a microscope slide
-Place a small section of your specimen onto your water
-Add drop of stain
-Add cover slip

26
Q

Explain the process of cell fractionation

A

Homogenisation- blend to break plasma membrane and free cell organelle
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation-spin

Biology A-level (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions