Topic 2 - A : Cell structures Flashcards
Name the different structure making up the cell wall in:
-Fungal cells
-Plant Cells
-Prokaryotic cells
Fungal cells: Chitin
Plant cells: Cellulose
Prokaryotic cells: Murien
Draw and explain the function of the cell membrane
Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell
Has receptors on exterior to respond to chemicals like hormones.
Draw and explain the function of the Nucleus
Controls the cells activities and contains chromosomes
Draw and explain the function of the Mitochondrion
The site of aerobic respiration ( producing ATP)
Draw and explain the function of the Chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis
Stroma - Thick liquid inside organelle
Granum - Stacked and folded in some parts of organelle
Lamella - Hold the granum together
Draw and explain the function of the Golgi Apparatus
Process and package new lipids and proteins. Also makes lysosomes.
Draw and explain the function of the Golgi vesicle
Stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and transports them out the cell
Draw and explain the function of the Lysosome
Contains hydrolitic enzymes which can break down invading or worn out components of the cell
Draw and explain the function of the Ribosome
Either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Site of protein synthesis (makes proteins)
Draw and explain the function of the Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes
Draw and explain the function of the Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesis and processes new lipids
Draw and explain the function of the Cell wall
(ps- describe what it is made of in fungal, plant and prokaryotic cells)
Supports the cell providing rigidity and prevents changing shape
(ps- fungal (chitin), Plant (cellulose), Prokaryotic (murien)
Draw and explain the function of the Cell vacuole
Helps maintain pressure inside the cell and keep the cell rigid, preventing wilting. Also helps in the isolation of unwanted chemicals inside the cell.de
Compare prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells much smaller, simpler and have no membrane bound organelles ( like a nucleus) in their cytoplasm
Draw and explain the function of the Flagellum
A long hair like structure that rotates to make the cell move, not all cells have one and some have more than one.
Draw and explain the function of the DNA loop
This is instead of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell, this DNA floats free in the cells cytoplasm
Draw and explain the function of the Plasmids
Small loops of DNA not attached to the main DNA molecule. Plasmids contain genes for things like antibiotic resistance and can be passed between prokaryotes
Draw and explain the function of the capsule (slime)
Helps to protect from attack by cells of the immune system
Explain the process of Binary fission
-Circular DNA loop and plasmids replicate
-DNA loops move to opposite poles of the cell
-Cytoplasm begins to divide
-Cytoplasm divides forming two daughter cells with a copy of the DNA
Explain the basics of a virus
-Not a cell
-Do have a protein coat called a capsid
-Attachment proteins whose job is to find an appropriate host cell
-Core of genetic material-ie, DNA or RNA
Briefly explain viral replication
1)Virus attaches to host cell receptor proteins
2)Genetic material released into host cell
3)Genetic material replicated by host cell machinery
4)Viral components reassemble
5)Replicated virus released from host cell
What is the equation for magnification?
Magnifation = image size/actual size
Name an advantage and disadvantage of TEM microscope?
+ Higher resolution image produced
- Can only be used on thin and non living specimens
Name an advantage and disadvantage of SEM microscope?
+ Can be used on thick specimens
+ Can produce 3d image
- Produces lower resolution images
- Can only be used on non living specimens
Briefly explain how to prepare a microscope slide
-Pippete a small drop of water onto a microscope slide
-Place a small section of your specimen onto your water
-Add drop of stain
-Add cover slip
Explain the process of cell fractionation
Homogenisation- blend to break plasma membrane and free cell organelle
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation-spin
