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BIO152 > Topic 2 > Flashcards

Topic 2 Flashcards

Proteins, enzymes & membranes

1
Q

How can proteins be separated?

A
  • Charge: electrophoresis / ion exchange chromatography
  • Size: gel filtration
  • Solubility: pI precipitation (ppt) / ammonium sulfate ppt
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2
Q

What is the reaction of the enzyme oxidoreductase?

A
  • Catalyse redox reactions

- Transfer of H, O or ē

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3
Q

What is the reaction of the enzyme transferase?

A

Transfer functional group from 1 molec. to another

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4
Q

What is the reaction of the enzyme hydrolase?

A

Hydrolyse (break bonds)

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5
Q

What is the reaction of the enzyme lyase?

A
  • Remove/add groups to molec.

- Break bonds, ē arrangem.

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6
Q

What & how do proteins denature?

A

Loss of structure & function = denaturation

  • Organic solvent: disrupt pH bonding
  • Detergent: disrupt hydrophobic bonds
  • pH extremes: disrupt ionic electrostatic bond
  • Heat: increase in KE & disrupt all non-coval. bonds
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7
Q

What is the reaction of the enzyme ligase?

A

Join molecules

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8
Q

What are the enzyme properties?

A
  • Shape: eg globular vs fibrous
  • Disruption of electric charge
  • Structure: Stability
  • Function: catalysis
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9
Q

What are the 2 models for substrate-enzyme interaction?

A

Lock & key:
- Only correct shape substrate fits into active site of enzyme
- Key = substrate
- Lock = enzyme
Induced fit model:
- Active site of enzyme changes shape or substrate binds
- Conformational change (improved activity)

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10
Q

How do enzymes function?

A

E+S = ES = E+P

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11
Q

What are the different types of lipids in the membrane?

A
  • Phospholipids
  • Glycolipids
  • Sterols
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12
Q

What is the phospholipids in the membrane?

A
  • Backbone & 2 fatty acids (tails)
  • -ve charged phosphate w/ charged / polar head groups
    eg phosphoglycerides
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13
Q

What is roles of cell membrane?

A
  1. Define boundaries of cell
  2. Serve as sites for biochemical functions ē transport in mitoc. /protein processing
  3. Provide transport proteins (move molecules in & out)
  4. Contain receptors for signalling
  5. Provide mechanisms for cell-to-cell contact, adhesion + communication
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14
Q

What are the major components of the cell membrane?

A

Fluid mosaic model - structure of plasma membrane, mosaic of components

  • phospholipids
  • proteins
  • membrane proteins
  • fatty acids
  • carbohydrates
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15
Q

What are the different types of lipids in the membrane?

A
  • Phospholipids
  • Glycolipids
  • Sterols
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16
Q

What are the glycolipids in the membrane?

A
  • Lipid & carbohydrate chain

eg glycoglycerolipids

17
Q

What are the sterols in the membrane?

A

eg cholesterol

18
Q

What are the proteins in the membrane?

A
  • Integral
  • Peripheral
  • Lipid-anchored
19
Q

What is integral proteins in the membrane?

A
  • Hydrophobic regions embedded w/in membrane interior
  • V. strong lipids interactions
  • Hard to remove & require detergents to disrupt hydrophobic bond in lipid bilayer
20
Q

What is peripheral proteins in the membrane?

A
  • Extrinsic: lack of hydrophobic sequences

- Loosely attached: separated from membrane by mild treatment & usually soluble in water

21
Q

What is lipid-anchored proteins in the membrane?

A

Covalently bound to lipids in bilayer

22
Q

What is different forms of transport across cell membrane?

A 
Passive: no energy
- Simple diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
Active: requires energy
- Transport
23
Q

What is active transport in membrane?

A

Needs energy low => high concentration

  • Uniport: Only 1 way transport eg glucose in erythrocytes
  • Aniport: 1 in, 1 out transport eg Na+ - K+ pump
  • Symport: Both 1 way transport eg sodium glucose
24
Q

What is simple diffusion in membrane?

A
  • No energy needed
  • Flow of molecules from low => high
  • Hyper, hypo, isotonic
25
Q

What is facilitated diffusion in membrane?

A

Needs membrane bound protein carriers

26
Q

What is osmosis in membrane?

A
  • Diffusion of water across a passive semi-permeable membrane from high => low concentration to reach equilibrium
  • Hypo, hyper, isotonic

BIO152 (8 decks)

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