Topic 1 Flashcards
Cell structure
1
Q
What are the limiting factors for the size of a cell?
A
- SA:V ratio
- Shape
2
Q
Structurally prokaryote vs Eukaryote? Distinguishing features?
A
Pro: - tightly packed + folded chromosomal material - divide by binary fission - no membrane-bound organelles Euk: - membrane-bound organelles - nucleus (DNA inside) - divide by mitosis + meiosis
3
Q
Major organelles in eukaryotic cell
A
- cell plasma membrane
- cytoskeleton
- nucleus
- mitochondria
- ER
- golgi complex
- lysosome
- peroxisome
- ribosomes
4
Q
Structure and function of cell plasma membrane?
A
- membrane separates interior of cell from outside enviro.
- lipid bilayer
- semi-permeable membrane
- end/exocytosis
- allow molecules in/out
5
Q
Structure and function of cytoskeleton?
A
- internal framework for cell
- allow organelle/cell movement
- permit cell division
6
Q
Structure and function of nucleus?
A
- contain chromosomes (histones)
- pores => allow transport in/out
- nucleolus => syntheses of ribosome components
7
Q
Structure and function of mitochondria?
A
- cristae => ATP for energy
- aerobic respiration
- electron transport
8
Q
Structure and function of ER?
A
- smooth: lipid/steroid synthesis
- rough: protein synthesis
9
Q
Structure and function of golgi complex?
A
- form packages of proteins + lipids
- synthesis of complex polysaccharides
10
Q
Structure and function of lysosomes?
A
- destroy material in vesicles
- recycle cell content
- stores enzymes
11
Q
Structure and function of peroxisome?
A
- buds from ER
- packages + destroys H2O2 safely with catalase
- protects cell from damaging reactive O2 species
12
Q
Structure and function of ribosomes?
A
- protein synthesis
- RNA translation => protein
- ribosomes walk along mRNA
13
Q
Plant vs animal cell?
A
Plant: - cell wall + cell membrane - chloroplast - typically rectangular cubic shape Animal: - no cell wall, only cell membrane - no chloroplast - typically round/irregularly shaped
