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ESE > topic 2 > Flashcards

topic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

One of the most important concepts in
biology.

A

Adaptation

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2
Q

allow a
species to survive in its environment.

A

Adaptation

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3
Q

individual
organism can respond immediately to a
changing environment

A

Acclimation

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4
Q

passed from
generation to generation and allow a
species to live more successfully in its
environment. T

A

Genetic traits

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5
Q

basic idea is
that species change over
generations because individuals
compete for scarce resources

A

evolution

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6
Q

process
of better-selected individuals
passing their traits to the next
generation

A

Natural Selection

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7
Q

changes to the
DNA coding sequence of
individuals that occurs
occasionally, and the changed
sequences are inherited by
offspring

A

Mutations

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8
Q

factors that limits a species where to live

A

Limiting Factors

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9
Q

4 limiting factors

A

Physiological stress
competition
predation
luck

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10
Q

the single factor in
shortest supply relative to demand is the
critical factor determining where a
species lives

A

Critical Factor

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11
Q

each environmental
factor has both minimum and maximum
levels, called_________,

A

tolerance limits

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12
Q

The single factor closest to these
survival limits is the critical factor that
limits where a particular organism can
live.

A

tolerance limits

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13
Q

place or set of
environmental conditions in
which a particular organism
lives

A

habitat

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14
Q

describes
both the role played by a
species in a biological
community and the set of
environmental factors that
determine its distribution

A

Ecological Niche

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15
Q

species that
tolerate a wide range of
conditions or exploit a wide
range of resources

A

Generalists

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16
Q

species that have
a narrow ecological niche.

A

Specialists

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17
Q

development of a new
species.

A

Speciation

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18
Q

occurs when
populations are geographically
separated.

A

Allopatric Speciation

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19
Q

occurs within
one geographic area

A

Sympatric Speciatio

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20
Q

when
the habitat are far enough apart
that population were
genetically isolated;

A

Geographic Isolation

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21
Q

two identical species live in
similar habitats but have
different mating calls

A

Behavioral Isolation

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22
Q

Directional Selection

A

shift
toward one extreme of a trait.

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23
Q

study of types of organisms and
their relationships.

organisms can be traced
which common ancestors they have
descended

A

Taxonomy

24
Q

also called Scientific or Latin
Name

A

Taxonomy

25
Q

important type of
selective pressure.

A

predation

26
Q

type of antagonistic relationship
within a biological community

A

Competition

27
Q

competition among
members of the same
species.

A

Intraspecific competition

28
Q

competition between
members of different
species.

A

Interspecific competition

29
Q

organism that feeds directly
on another living organism, whether
or not this kills the prey

A

Predator

30
Q

powerful but
complex influence on species
populations in communities

A

predation

31
Q

Two or more species live intimately
together, with their fates linked.
-Symbiotic relationships often
enhance the survival of one or both
partners.

A

symbiosis

32
Q

type of
symbiosis in which both
members’ benefits.

A

mutualism

33
Q

type of
symbiosis in which one
member clearly benefits
and the other apparently is
neither benefited nor
harmed

A

Commensalism

34
Q

a form
predation may also be
considered symbiosis
because of the dependency
of the parasite on its host.

A

Parasitism

35
Q

one
species living inside
another one.

A

Endosymbiosis

36
Q

one
species living on the
surface of the other
species.

A

Ectosymbiosis

37
Q

Thought to be the top predators
like lions, wolves, and tigers that
limited herbivore abundance and
reduced the herbivory of plant

A

Keystone Species

38
Q

The rate of biomass production.
- An indication of the rate of solar
energy conversion to chemical
energy

A

Primary Productivity

39
Q

expression of the
total number of organisms in a
biological community

A

Abundance

40
Q

measure of the
number of different species,
ecological niches, or genetic
variation present.

A

Diversity

41
Q

refers to
patterns of spatial distribution of
individuals and populations within a
community

A

Ecological structure

42
Q
  • Many biological communities tend
    to remain relatively stable and
    constant over time
A

Resilience and Stability

43
Q

Three kinds of stability or resiliency
in ecosystems:

A

constancy
inertia
renewal

44
Q

The boundary between one habitat
and its neighbors is an important
aspect of community structure.

A

edge
effects.

45
Q

boundaries between
adjacent communities.

A

ecotones

46
Q

a community
that is sharply divided from its
neighbors.

A
  • Closed Community -
47
Q

community
with gradual or indistinct
boundaries over which many species
cross.

A

Open Community

48
Q

community that developed last and
lasted the longest.

A

Climax Community

49
Q

2 kinds of succession

A

primary and secondary

49
Q

the history
of community development. When a
succession occurs, organisms occupy
a site and change the environmental
conditions

A

Ecological Succession

50
Q

Land that is
bare of soil (a sandbar, mudslide,
rock face, and volcanic flow) is
colonized by living organisms where
none lived before

A

Primary succession

51
Q

When an
existing community is disturbed, a
new one develops from the
biological legacy of the old.

A

Secondary succession

52
Q

when organisms change
the environment by modifying soil,
light levels, food supplies, and
microclimate, the change permits
new species to colonize and
eventually replace the previous
species.

A

Ecological development or
facilitation

53
Q

the first
colonists (microbes, mosses, and
lichens) that can withstand a harsh
environment with few resources

A

Pioneer species

54
Q
  • Any force that disrupts the established
    patterns of species diversity and
    abundance, community structure, or
    community properties
A

Disturbance

55
Q

Continuous introduction of new
community members and the
disappearance of previously existing
species are requirements of succession.

A

Introduced Species

ESE (9 decks)

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