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topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

French
environner which means to encircle or
surround.

A

environment

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2
Q

systematic study of our
environment and our proper
place in it.

A

Environmental Science

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3
Q

highly interdisciplinary that
integrates natural sciences,
social sciences, and humanities
in a broad, holistic study of the
world around us and is mission-oriented

A

Environmental Science

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4
Q

branch of
engineering that aims to improve the
quality of environment and promotes
protection of people from adverse
environmental effects like pollution.

A

Environmental engineering

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5
Q

ancient
cities, the availability of a ________
supply became a defensive necessity

A

reliable water

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6
Q

engineers who
built facilities for the civilian population
began to distinguish themselves from
the engineers primarily engaged in
matters of warfare

A

civil engineers

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7
Q

scientific study of relationships
between organisms and their
environment

A

ecology

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8
Q

The foundations of organisms
are the __________

A

carbon-based (organic)
compounds.

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9
Q

Everything that takes up space and
has mass.

A

matter

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10
Q

4 states of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

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11
Q

Substances that cannot be broken
down into simpler forms by ordinary
chemical reactions.

A

elements

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12
Q

how many known elements are there

A

122 known
92 natural
30 man made

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13
Q

Four Elements responsible for
more than 96% of the mass of most
living organisms

A

OXYGEN, CARBON,
HYDROGEN & NITROGEN

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14
Q
  • Smallest particles that exhibit the
    characteristics of an element.
A

atoms

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15
Q

have
approximately the same mass and
they are clustered in the nucleus in
the center of the atom.

A

PROTONS AND NUETRONS

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16
Q

smaller compare to
the other particles. They orbit the
nucleus at the speed of light

A

electrons

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17
Q

is the
characteristic number of protons
per atom.

A

atomic number

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18
Q

sum of protons
and neutrons.

A

atomic mass

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19
Q

forms of an element
that differ in atomic mass

A

isotopes

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20
Q

substances
composed of different kinds of
atoms

A

compounds

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21
Q

pair or group of
atoms that can exist as a single unit.

A

molecules

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22
Q
  • When atoms gain or lose electrons,
    it acquires a negative or positive
    electrical charge.
A

ions

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23
Q

-Negatively charged
ions

A

anion

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24
Q

-Positively charged ion

A

cation

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25
Q

substances that readily
give up hydrogen ions in water.

A

acids

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26
Q

substances that readily
bond with H+ ions

A

bases

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27
Q

measure of acidity

A

ph

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28
Q

foundation of living organisms

A

organic compounds

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29
Q

four major categories of organic compounds

A

lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids

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30
Q

carry information between
cells, tissues, and organs and the sources
of intracellular energy.

A

nucleotides

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31
Q

long chains of nucleotides (2)

A

DNA and RNA

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32
Q

essential for storing and expressing
genetic information

A

DNA and RNA

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33
Q

Minute compartments within which the
processes of life are carried out.

A

cells

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34
Q

organisms with single cell

A

unicellular

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35
Q

examples od unicellular organisms

A

Bacteria, some algae, and protozoa

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36
Q

special class of proteins
that carry out all the chemical reactions
required to create various structures and provide energy and materials
to carry out cell functions

A

enzymes

37
Q

multitude of
enzymatic reactions performed by an
organism.

A

metabolism

38
Q

ability to do work, such as
moving matter over a distance
or causing a heat transfer
between two objects at
different temperatures.

A

energy (measured by heat)

39
Q

types of energy

A

kinetic, potential, mechanical, chemical, heat

40
Q

energy contained in
moving objects

A

Kinetic Energy

41
Q

stored energy that is
dormant but available for us

A

Potential Energy

42
Q

stored in the food
that you eat and the gasoline that you
put into your car

A

chemical energy

43
Q

energy that can be
transferred between objects of different
temperature

A

heat

44
Q

work done
when one kg is accelerated at
one meter per second per
second.

A

Joule

45
Q

amount of
energy needed to heat one
gram of pure water one degree
Celsius.

A

calorie

46
Q

study that deals with the
transfer of energy in natural
processes.

A

Thermodynamics

47
Q

deals with the rates of flow
and the transformation of
energy from one form or quality
to another

A

Thermodynamics

48
Q
  • organisms that
    have been discovered on Earth
    that survive in environments
    that were once thought not to
    be able to sustain life
A

(extremophiles

49
Q

extremophiles get energy through

A

chemosynthesis.

50
Q

process
in which bacteria use chemical
bonds between inorganic
elements, such as hydrogen
sulfide (H2S) or hydrogen gas
(H2), to provide energy for
synthesis of organic molecules

A

chemosynthesis.

51
Q
  • essential to life.
A

solar energy

52
Q

converts radiant energy
into high-quality chemical energy in the
bonds that hold together organic
molecules

A

Photosynthesis

53
Q

scientific study of
relationships between organisms and
their environment

A

ECOLOGY

54
Q

– refers to all organisms of the
same kind that are genetically similar
enough to breed in nature and produce
live, fertile offspring.

A

species

55
Q

consists of all the
members of a species living in a given
area at the same time

A

population

56
Q

All of the
populations living and interacting in a
particular area.

A

Biological Community

57
Q

(Ecological system) is
composed of a biological community and
its physical environment. The
environment includes:

A

ecosystem

58
Q

nonliving components
such as climate, water, minerals, and
sunligh

A

Abiotic factors

59
Q

examples are
organisms and their products
(secretions, wastes, and remains) and
effects in a given area.

A

Biotic factors

60
Q

One of the major properties of an
ecosystem

A

Productivity

61
Q

biological
matter

A

biomass

62
Q
  • Two types of productivity:
A

primary and secondary

63
Q

A linked feeding series.

A

food chain

64
Q

Interconnection of individual food
chains.

A

food web

65
Q

From the Greek trophe which means
“food”.

A

trophic

66
Q

An organism’s feeding status in an
ecosystem

A

Trophic Level

67
Q

Organisms that photosynthesize,
mainly green plants and algae.

A

Producers

68
Q

Organisms that clean up dead carcasses
of larger animals such as crows, jackals,
and vultures.

A

Scavengers

69
Q

Consume litter, debris, and dung such
as ants and beetles.

A

Detritivores

70
Q

Organisms that complete the final
breakdown and recycling of organic
materials such as fungi and bacteria.

A

Decomposer

71
Q

graphical representation of the
relationship between different
organisms in an ecosystem

A

Ecological Pyramids

72
Q

number of organisms in
each trophic level without any
consideration for their size.

A

Pyramid of numbers

73
Q
  • Presents the total mass of organisms at
    each trophic level.

-largest at the
bottom and gets smaller going up, but
exceptions do exist.

A

Pyramid of biomass

74
Q

Presents the total amount of energy
present at each trophic level, as well as
the loss of energy between trophic
levels. and most widely used type of ecological pyramid

A

Pyramid of productivity

75
Q

-path of water through our
environment.
-most familiar material cycle.

A

Hydrologic Cycle

76
Q

water is heated by the sun, surface
molecules become sufficiently energized
to break free of the attractive force
binding them together

A

Evaporation

77
Q

Water vapor is also emitted from plant
leaves by a process called t

A

Transpiration

78
Q

Condensation

A

water vapor rises, it cools and
eventually condenses, usually on tiny
particles of dust in the air

79
Q

in the form of rain,
snow and hail comes from clouds.

A

precipitation

80
Q

Excessive rain or snowmelt can produce
overland flow to creeks and ditches

A

runoff

81
Q

-Some of the precipitation and snow
melt moves downwards percolates or
infiltrates through cracks, joints and
pores in soil and rocks until it reaches
the water table where it becomes
groundwater

A

Percolation

82
Q

Subterranean water is held in cracks
and pore spaces

A

groundwater

83
Q

the level at which
water stands in a shallow well.

A

water level

84
Q

begins with
the intake of carbon dioxide by
photosynthetic organisms.

A

carbon cycle

85
Q

make up
78% of our atmosphere.

A

nitrogen gas

86
Q

only
_________ and _______ can
be used directly by plants

A

NO3 and NH4

87
Q

most important
among the many elements released
to ecosystem from rock formations
because it is often limited in supply.

A

Phosphorus Cycle

88
Q

essential
component of all cells

A

Phosphorus

89
Q

key
component of proteins, enzymes,
and tissues.

A

Phosphorus

ESE (9 decks)

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