topic 2

Question 1

Examples of anabolism

Answer 1

• protein synthesis
• synthesis of starch
• cellulose from glucose
• photosynthesis
• dna replication

Question 2

Examples of catabolism reactions

Answer 2

• enzymic digestion
• ATP breakdown
• respiration

Question 3

anabolism

Answer 3

synthesis of complex molecules from simpler substances

Question 4

catabolism

Answer 4

breakdown of complex molecules into smaller ones

Question 5

maltose

Answer 5

glucose + glucose

Question 6

lactose

Answer 6

glucose + galactose

Question 7

sucrose

Answer 7

glucose + fructose

Question 8

what is conformation

Answer 8

how the polypeptide chain folds up in the protein & directly affect its 3-dimensional structure

Question 9

underweight

Answer 9

<18.5

Question 10

how does the body store sugar

Answer 10

as glycogen

Question 11

does condensation make or use water

Answer 11

make

Question 12

how many types of amino acids exist

Answer 12

20

Question 13

what is the difference between fats & oils

Answer 13

fat = solid triglycerides
oils = liquid triglycerides

Question 14

what is induced fit?

Answer 14

substrate changes the shape of enzymes for a tighter fit

Question 15

what are the properties of globular proteins?

Answer 15

catalytic(enzymes)
regulatory(hormones)
transport (haemoglobin)
protective (antibodies)
signal transduction (rhodopsin)

Question 16

What are triglycerides

Answer 16

• an ester formed from glycerol & 3 fatty acid groups

- fatty acids are the main constituent of natural fats & oils

Question 17

characteristics of globular proteins

Answer 17

• spherical shape of polypeptide chains
• water soluble
• tertiary structure critical to function

Question 18

characteristics of fibrous proteins

Answer 18

• water insoluble
• physically tough
• stretchy
• parallel polypeptide chains in fibres or sheets

Question 19

what are nucleic acids

Answer 19

• RNA or DNA

- long chains of nucleotides that store & transmit genetic info

Question 20

what are the exceptions to organic compounds containing C

Answer 20

carbides (e.g. CaC2)
carbonates (CO32–)
oxides of carbon (CO, CO2)
cyanides (CN–)

Question 21

Why are carbohydrates important?

Answer 21

• function as a source of energy (and as a short-term energy storage option)
• important as a recognition molecule (e.g. glycoproteins) & as a structural component (part of DNA / RNA)

Question 22

Why are lipids important?

Answer 22

• serve as a major component of cell membranes (phospholipids and cholesterol)
• may be utilised as a long-term energy storage molecule (fats and oils)
• may function as a signalling molecule (steroids)

Question 23

do proteins play a role in cell signalling?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

Why do lipids not have reoccurring monomers?

Answer 24

• exist as many different classes that vary in structure

Question 25

What gives amino acids its different properties?

Answer 25

the R group

Question 26

what are the components of a nucleotide?

Answer 26

pentose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

Question 27

Polysaccharides may differ due to what?

Answer 27

• the type of monosaccharide they possess

- the way the subunits bond together

Question 28

Metabolic reactions serve two key functions:

Answer 28

• provide a source of energy for cellular processes (growth, reproduction,
• enable the synthesis and assimilation of new materials for use within the cell

Question 29

The ratio between hydrogen and oxygen in a molecule is always greater than 2:1.

Answer 29

lipids