psych cognitive defs

Question 1

Thinking

Answer 1

is the process of using knowledge and information to make plans, interpret the world and make predictions in general. There are different components of thinking which include problem-solving, decision making and creativity.

Question 2

The dual process model

Answer 2

The dual process model of thinking and decision making are hypothetical systems of thinking that describe the relationship between intuitive thinking and rational analysis.
- This model composes of two basic modes of thinking, referred to as system 1 and system 2. The core idea behind the 2-system view of thinking is that intuitive thinking and rational thinking are characterised by two distinct cognitive processes.

Question 3

System 1

Answer 3

System 1 thinking is described as being an automatic, intuitive, and effortless way of thinking. This way of thinking often employs heuristics. These are mental short-cuts that involve focusing on one aspect of a complex problem and ignoring the others. Although system 1 allows for fast and efficient processing of the complex world around us, it is often prone to errors when our assumptions do not match the reality of a specific situation. The intuitive and effortless characteristics of system 1, also provides individuals with greater feeling of certitude that their answers are correct.

Question 4

System 2 thinking

Answer 4

a slower, conscious and more rational way of thinking. This mode of thinking is assumed to require more effort than system 1 and commences by thinking about all the possible ways an individual can interpret a situation and gradually eliminate possibilities based on sensory data. System 2 is considered to be a more rational way of thinking and less likely to create feelings of certitude.