Topic 17: Further organic chemistry Flashcards
chiral refers to
an atom in a molecule that allows it to exists as non-superimposable forms. it can also refer to the molecule itself
asymmetric refers to
a carbon atom in a molecule that is joined to four different atoms or groups
enantiomers are
isomers that are related as objects and mirror image
a substance shows optical activity is
it rotates the plane of polarisation of plane-polarised light
plane-polarised light is
monochromatic light that has oscillations in only one plane
unpolarised light has
oscillations in all planes at right angles to the direction of travel
a polarimeter is
the apparatus used to measure the angle of rotation caused by a substance
a polariser is
a material that converts unpolarised light into plane-polarised light
an analyser is
material that allows plane-polarised light to pass through it
a racemic mixture is
an equimolar mixture of two enantiomers hat has no optical activity
a mechanism described as bimolecular has
two species reacting in the rate-determining step, SN2
a mechanism described as unimolecular has
one species reacting in teh rate-determining step, SN1
nucleophilic addition is
a type of mechanism in which a molecule containing two atoms or groups is added across a polar double bond (usually C=O), and the attacking species in the first step is a nucleophile
derivatives are
compounds formed from other compounds, especially when the properties of the derivatives can be used to identify the original compound
hydrolysis is
the breaking of a compound by water into two compounds
condensation polymerisation refers to
the formation of a polymer, usually by the reaction of two different monomers, and in which a small molecule is also formed
the original meaning of aromatic was…
the new meaning is ….
was. .. a description of the smell of certain organic compounds
now. … a description of the bonding in a compound - delocalised electrons forming pi bonding in a hydrocarbon ring
a halogen carrier is
a catalyst that helps to introduce a halogen atom into a benzene ring
the basicity of a base is
the extent to which it can donate a lone pair of electrons to the hydrogen atom of a water molecule
an addition-elimination reaction occurs when
two molecules join together, followed by the loss of a small molecule, usually H2O or HCl
the isoelectric point of an amino acid is
the pH of an aqueous solution in which it is neutral
a zwitterion is
a molecule containing positive and negative charges but which has no overall charge
a peptide bond is
the bond formed by a condensation reaction between the carbonyl group (C=O) of one amino acid and the amino group (NH2) of another amino acid
peptide: CO -NH
a hazard is
a property of a substance that could cause harm to a user
