Topic 13 Lymphatic System

Question 1

What does the lymphatic system include?

Answer 1

Lymph vessels and organs
T&B lymphocytes
(protect body against bacteria, viruses and cancer)

Question 2

List the major extracellular fluids and where they are found

Answer 2

blood plasma - fluid in blood
ISF (interstitial fluid) - bathes cells (except blood cells)
lymph - inside lymphatic vessels

Question 3

Describe the lymphatic circulation on the right and left sides of the body, beginning with lymphatic capillaries and ending with lump return to the blood plasma

Answer 3

ISF (interstitial fluid) - formed by capillaries leaking plasma
- 90% reenters blood in capillaries and venules
- 10% into lymphatic circulation (now called lymph)

Lymph
- enters lymphatic capillaries (closed ended vessels)
- lymphatic capillaries connect to lymphatic collecting vessles (have valves)
- > lymph nodes along vessels filter lymph (bacteria,debris)
- > transport lymph fluid AWAY from tissues to:
1) right lymphatic duct (lymph from right head, chest, arm)
- drains into right subclavian vein, reentering blood circulation

2) thoracic duct (lymph from below ribs and left side of body
- collecting vessels from below the ribs converge to an englarged lymph vessel = cisterna chyli (the beginning of the thoracic duct)
- Thoracic duct drains lymph into left subclavian vein, re-entering blood circulation

SUMMARY
lymph capillaries
lymph collecting vessels (w/ valves)
lymph ducts
subclavian veins

Question 4

right subclavian vein

Answer 4

the right lymphatic duct drains into the right subclavian vein, re-entering blood circulation

Question 5

Cisterna Chyli

Answer 5

enlarged lymph vessel (beginning of the thoracic duct)

Question 6

List the primary and secondary lymphatic tissues and organs

Answer 6

Primary tissues and organs
1) red bone marrow: lymphoid stem cells arise here in fetus
- if they remain in red marrow -> B lymphocytes

2) OR if they migrate to Thymus Gland -> T lymphocytes

Secondary tissues and organs
1) Lymph nodes
- locations: cervical axillary (armpit, inguinal (groin), intestinal, pelvic)

2) Spleen: filters blood e.g removes bacteria

3) Mucosal Assosciate lymphoid tissue (MALT)
e.g tonsils, appendix, lymhpoid tissues in mucous membranes
- tonsils include:
- adenoids = pharyngeal (1) - nasopharynx
- palatine (2) - in oropharynx
- lingual (1) - base of posterior part of tongue

Question 7

List the tonsils and give their locations

Answer 7

mucosal Assosciate lymphoid tissue (MALT)
e.g tonsils, appendix, lymhpoid tissues in mucous membranes
- tonsils include:
- adenoids = pharyngeal (1) - nasopharynx
- palatine (2) - in oropharynx
- lingual (1) - base of posterior part of tongue