Topic 1.2 ultrastructure of cells Flashcards
Prokaryotic cells
Simple cell structure, no compartmentalisation, NO membrane bound organelles.
What do prokaryotic cells have?
Cytoplasm, Plasma membrane, Naked DNA, cell wall, ribosomes (70s) Pili, flagellum.
Binary fission related to prokaryotes?
binary fission is the splitting of two. it divides prokaryotes to create identical copies.
Eukaryotic cells
HAVE membrane bound organelles, Compartmentalised cell structure
What are organelles with single membrane?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vesicles and vacuoles
What are organelles with double membrane?
Nucleus
mitochondria
chloroplast
What does the nucleus have inside it?
Outer membrane - protects chromosomes inner membrane nucleoplasm - liquid nucleolus - creates ribosomes Chromatin nuclear envelope pore in nuclear envelope.
What does mitochondria have inside it?
USED to made ATP Smooth outer membrane inter membrane crista chromosome - determines hereditary characteristic ribosome - produces protein matrix
what does chloroplast have inside it?
CARRIES out photosynthesis smooth outer membrane Granum Thlaklad membrane chromosome ribosome - synthesise cytoplasmic proteins Stroma
What does endoplasmic reticulum do?
processes materials
transfers proteins
transforms chemicals in cells
Difference between RER and SER
RER has ribosomes SER does not
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Complex vesicle made of stacked pouches called cisternae.
Transports, modifies, packs proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivering to targeted places.
carries proteins to plasma membrane
What do lysosomes do?
They have digestive enzymes
important in development of cells and the exit of substances.
What does the plasma membrane do?
controls what goes in and out of cell
Exocrine glands?
secrete substances through ducts
