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Plasma Membrane and Cell division > Cell Theory > Flashcards

Cell Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What is cell theory?

A

Cells are the unit of structure and function of all living organisms. New cells only come from pre existing cells.

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2
Q

What are the three parts that make up a cell?

A

Plasma membrane
organelles
cytoplasm

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3
Q

What are the two main parts to a virus?

A

Capsid - made of protein

Core - made from DNA/RNA

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4
Q

Why are viruses considered non living?

A 
Lack cell structure 
Do not ingest nutrients 
Do not grow or maintain themselves
Do not self reproduce 
They depend on host cell for replication
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5
Q

How does DNA virus replicate?

A
  1. virus inserts DNA into host cell
  2. DNA then goes into host DNA
  3. Host cell makes virus
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6
Q

How does RNA virus replicate?

A
  1. Virus inserts RNS and reverse transcriptase into host cell
  2. Host cell makes viral DNA
  3. Viral DNA inserts into host DNA
  4. Host cell makes more virus
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7
Q

TEM?

A

transmission - see inside

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8
Q

SEM?

A

scanning - outside

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9
Q

What is resolution?

A

the ability to distinguish between two near by objects.

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10
Q

What is magnification?

A

How big something appears to be.

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11
Q

Average size of plant cell

A

10-100 um

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12
Q

Average size of organelle/bacteria

A

1-10 um

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13
Q

Average size of small molecules?

A

1-10 nm

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14
Q

Average size of virus

A

100nm

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15
Q

What is the surface area to volume ratio?

A

When an object gets bigger the ratio decreases until the ratio is 1:1. When it become that the volume is less than 1 the cell will divide or die.

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16
Q

What does volume Determine about a cell?

A

it determines the needs of a cell

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17
Q

What does surface area determine about a cell?

A

The ability to meet the needs of the cell

18
Q

What are the needs of the cell?

A

Nutrients, oxygen and getting rid of waste (co2)

19
Q

What kingdoms are in single cell?

A

Monera, protista and some fungi

20
Q

What kingdoms are in multicellular?

A

Some fungi, plantae, animalia,

21
Q

Non-specialzed cells are?

A

Unicellular

22
Q

specialised cells are?

A

multicellular

23
Q

Different tissue types?

A

Epithelial - skin
Muscle - muscles
connective - blood
nervous - nerves

24
Q

What does the cell wall do?

A

Protects cell from bursting

25
Q

What does the plasma membrane do?

A

Regulates what goes in and out of the cell

26
Q

What is mesosome?

A

It happens just before binary fission, it pulls the cell apart.

27
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

The fluid that surrounds the organelles.

28
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

They make protein and are protein synthesisers, repair cells, help grow the cell and help in metabolic activity.

29
Q

What is the nucleiod?

A

Place where chromosomes are located

30
Q

What is flagella?

A

It is for movement of the cell

31
Q

What is pili for?

A

It is for cell recognition.

32
Q

What is the cell wall of bacteria made from?

A

Peptidoglycan

33
Q

What is the cell wall of plants made from?

A

cellulose, lignin

34
Q

What is the cell wall of fungi made from?

A

Chitin

35
Q

What are the functions of life in a unicellular organism? two examples

A

Have one cell that carries out all functions of life. Paramecium and Chlamydomonas

36
Q

What are the three exceptions to cell theory?

A
  1. Skeletal muscle enclosed in membrane but are much longer. they are 300mm or more with hundreds of nuclei.
  2. Giant algae - grow up to 100mm but only have one nuclei
  3. Aseptate fungi - thread like structure, containing many nuclei.
37
Q

What are emergent properties?

A

they arise from interaction of different complex structures. all different cells working together to allow something to happen.

38
Q

Differentiation

A

process of determining a pathway of development into specialised cells.

39
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Cells that can divide and differentiate along any pathway of development.

40
Q

Where are stem cells found in adult body?

A

Liver, bone marrow, skin.

41
Q

Two diseases that can be treated through therapeutic stem cell use

A

Stargarts - retina malfunction causing blindness
leukaemia - cancer to do with amount of white blood cells
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Plasma Membrane and Cell division (12 decks)

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