Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis

Question 1

4 stages of cellular respiration?

Answer 1

Glycolysis,
link reaction,
Kreb cycle,
electron transport, oxidation and phosphorylation

Question 2

Where does cellular respiration take place?

Answer 2

Cytoplasm and mitochondria

Question 3

What is glycolysis?

Answer 3

it is the splitting of glucose into 2 3 carbon compounds.
it has two phases. phase 1 is for energy investment and phase 2 is for energy payoff.
2 ATP go into phase 1 and 4 come out of phase 2.
Takes place in cytoplasm
Does not require oxygen

Question 4

What is the Link reaction?

Answer 4

It is there to produce acetyl COA (coenzyme)

Goes from pyruvate acid (3 carbon) – Acetyl COA ( 2 carbon) — OAA (4 carbon)

Question 5

What is the Kreb cycle and its outcomes?

Answer 5

Takes place in the matrix
Positive outcomes - 8 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 GTP
Negative outcomes - 6 CO2

Question 6

What is FAD reduced to?

Answer 6

FADH2

Question 7

What does every NAD+ produce?

Answer 7

3 ATP for every FADH

Question 8

Where does electron transport take place?

Answer 8

The inter membrane compartment

Question 9

Where does oxygen come from?

Answer 9

Ventilation

Question 10

Heterotrophs?

Answer 10

Eat other organisms - animals

Question 11

Autotrophs

Answer 11

Get energy from sunlight - plants

Question 12

What is the welwitschia?

Answer 12

Mr. stewart favourite plant. Only found in Nambia. Has 2 plants entire life and 15-20 meter long roots. Doesn’t produce flower but produces seeds.

Question 13

Two different types of glycolysis?

Answer 13

Anaerobic (fermentation)

Aerobic - cell respiration

Question 14

What causes the movement of hydrogen ions to the inter membrane compartment during cel respiration?

Answer 14

Electrons

Question 15

What two things are produced outside the mitochondria?

Answer 15

Pyruvate and lactic acid

Question 16

What are products of Aerobic respiration?

Answer 16

ATP and pyruvate

Question 17

How many ATP does each glucose molecule produce from glycolysis and cell respiration?

Answer 17

38

Question 18

Where does the Kreb cycle take place?

Answer 18

In the matrix of the mitochondria

Question 19

What is the starting substrate for the Kreb cycle?

Answer 19

OAA

Question 20

What is the main product of the break down of glucose by yeast?

Answer 20

Ethanol

Question 21

What delivers hydrogen ions and electrons to cristae?

Answer 21

NAD+

Question 22

What is the major waste product of the Kreb cycle?

Answer 22

CO2

Question 23

What makes pyruvate break down into acetyl COA and then react with OAA to begin Kreb cycle?

Answer 23

Coenzyme

Question 24

Where do we get the source of oxygen to make water at the end of electron transport?

Answer 24

Ventilation, the air we breath

Question 25

What is the point of phosphorylating a substrate?

Answer 25

So that the shape changes and an active side is ready.

Question 26

What is Chemiosmosis?

Answer 26

It is the production of H2O in the electron transport chain.

Question 27

What is needed for electron transport to take place?

Answer 27

Oxygen

Question 28

For each glucose in glycolysis how many ATP are produced and how many are used up?

Answer 28

4 produced | 2 used up

Question 29

Discuss the production of ATP during cell respiration?

Answer 29

ATP s a high energy nucleotide which acts as a source for instant energy. Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions which convert biochemical energy to ATP and release waste products. ATP is then used as a source of energy. One glucose will 38 ATP. There are 2 ATP at the beginning of Phaase 1 in glycolysis and then 4 come out at the end of phase two in glycolysis. The other 34 are produced in the electron transport chain.

Question 30

Explain the following terms relative to glycolysis: phospohorilation, lysis, oxidation and reduction.

Answer 30

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell. Phosphorylation of glucose is required to increase reactivity in order for the molecule to be split into two pyruvate molecules. Lysis means splitting so glycolysis mean "sugar splitting". Lysis comes after phosphorylation.

Question 31

What molecule is the hydrogen acceptor of glycolysis?

Answer 31

NAD+

Question 32

What is ATP a result from>

Answer 32

The phosphorylation of ADP

Question 33

What is the hydrogen acceptor found at the end of the Kreb cycle?

Answer 33

FAD

Question 34

how many ATP produced at the end on electron transport?

Answer 34

34

Question 35

What reacts with what to start the Kreb cycle?

Answer 35

OAA reacts with COA

Question 36

What is the original source of the hydrogen ions accepted by ADP+?

Answer 36

Water molecules.

Question 37

What does the pyruvate pass in order to enter Kreb cycle?

Answer 37

Cristi and outer membrane of mitochondria.

Question 38

What other than electrons are used in electron transport?

Answer 38

Protons.

Question 39

What is Photosynthesis?

Answer 39

The conversion of light energy into chemical energy.

Question 40

What is the light spectrum from longest waves to shortest waves?

Answer 40

``` Radio waves Micro waves Infrared visible light Ultra violet x rays gamma waves ```

Question 41

Visible light spectrum?

Answer 41

red - violet

Question 42

Why are leaves green?

Answer 42

Because the chlorophyll inside the chloroplast absorbs all colours expect green which it repells.

Question 43

What is the overview process of photosynthesis?

Answer 43

``` Light strikes Photosystem 2 Electron transports chain photosystem 1 Calvin cycle ```

Question 44

What happens in Light dependent reactions?

Answer 44

- A photon of light strikes the chlorophyll molecule. - Two electrons are excited to a higher energy level - The two don't of back down to original but are grabbed by thlakiod membrane. - To replace electrons lost H2O is split and the hydrogen is sued in electron transport chain.

Question 45

Main results from Light dependent reactions?

Answer 45

O2 is released H+ is fixed e- replace those excited from chlorophyll ATP is produced

Question 46

Three stage of the light independent reactions? Calvin cycle

Answer 46

Carbon fixation Reduction Regeneration of CO2 acceptor.

Question 47

Explain the calvin cycle?

Answer 47

CO2 Fixates onto RuBP catalysed by rubisco to make a 6 carbon compound. It then splits into two PGA (3 carbon compound). Those two PGA's then phosphorylate by ATP which came from the electron transport chain in the light dependent reaction to form another compound. This compound is the reduced by NADH which came from the end of photosystem 1 in the light dependent reaction to produce G3P.

Question 48

What is RuBP?

Answer 48

a 5 carbon compound

Question 49

What is phosphorylation?

Answer 49

To make a substrate fit into the next set of enzymes.

Question 50

How many molecules of G3P does it take to produce 1 molecule of glucose>

Answer 50

12 molecules of G3P

Question 51

How many turns of the calvin cycle to produce 1 molecule of glucose?

Answer 51

6 turns of the cycle.

Question 52

What are the main results from the light independent reactions?

Answer 52

Carbon dioxide fixed ATP and H+ from light dependent reaction used Organic compounds produced - glucose.

Question 53

What is the stoma?

Answer 53

The opening at the bottom of a dicot leaf that lets in CO@ and lets of oxygen.

Question 54

How to directly measure the photosynthetic rate?

Answer 54

O2 production | CO2 uptake

Question 55

Indirect measurement of photosynthetic rate?

Answer 55

Biomass increase

Question 56

What is biomass?

Answer 56

The wet mass over the dry mass

Question 57

What different factors effect photosynthesis?

Answer 57

Light intensity, temperature and CO2 concentration.