TOPIC 1.1 + 1.2

Question 1

Deviance

Answer 1

Any behaviour that differs from the norm

Question 2

Formal Sanctions

Answer 2

Sanctions which are imposed by official bodies, and are for breaking written rules/laws
eg. a fine

Question 3

Informal Sanctions

Answer 3

Sanctions that arent formally written down and perhaps ‘unspoken’, imposed by society.
eg. refusal to speak to the ‘do-er’

Question 4

Crime

Answer 4

An act or omission that breaches the law of the land

Question 5

Values

Answer 5

A set of principles about acceptable and unacceptable behaviours, such as what constitutes right and wrong behaviour.

Question 6

Norms

Answer 6

A set of rules of expectations in a society about what is and isnt acceptable behaviour.

Question 7

Moral codes / mores

Answer 7

a set of rules agreed by a group of people, shows rights and wrongs

Question 8

Summary Offences

Answer 8

Less serious offences, which are tried by magistrates.

Question 9

Indictable Offences

Answer 9

More serious offences, which are tried in a crown court before a judge and jury, as to which the sentences can be imposed as more severe.

Question 10

Custodial Sentences (court sanctions)

Answer 10

Use of prison or other institutes in order to deter future crimes from occurring and to punish the offender.

Question 11

Community Sentences (court sanctions)

Answer 11

Sanctions that are served in the community rather than a prison.
eg. community work or an anger management class

Question 12

Conditional Discharge (court sanctions)

Answer 12

The offender may not be sent to prison but instead have to follow certain conditions rather.

Question 13

Absolute Discharge (court sanctions)

Answer 13

When the offender is guilty of a crime but a sentence isnt seemed to be suitable.

Question 14

Cautions (police sanction)

Answer 14

Issued without the use of court, usually given to first-time offenders.

Question 15

Conditional Cautions (police sanction)

Answer 15

Cautions are given to the offender and include an agreed change , failure to do so may lead to being charged with the original crime committed.

Question 16

Penalty notices for disorders (police sanction)

Answer 16

Issued without the use of court proceedings, as to where the offender has to pay a fine for minor crimes.

Question 17

Social Construct of Criminality

Answer 17

The same behavior may be considered criminal in one society and an act of honor in another society or in the same society at a different time.

Question 18

Differences in the acts of the Criminal Justice System- Youth Courts

Answer 18

.youth courts are for offenders between the age of 10-17
.the youth court cant send anyone to prison but can impose sentences
.members of the public arent allowed within youth courts

Question 19

Mitigating Factors

Answer 19

Factors that can be used to lower the seriousness/ the sentence of the crime.
eg. Drug influence

Question 20

Diminished Responsibility (mitigating factor of homicide)

Answer 20

As to where the defendants’ mental condition substantially reduces their ability to understand what had occurred.

Question 21

Automatism (mitigating factor of homicide)

Answer 21

If the crime wasn’t voluntary. A crime must be voluntary and must have occurred consciously to commit a crime.

Question 22

Homosexuality Laws 1885-2018

Answer 22

1885- being homosexual between men were illegal
1967-Homosexual acts between males aged 21 or over became legal in England and Wales
1994- Age of consent reduced to 18
2000-Age of consent reduced to 16

Question 23

Gun Control Laws from 1987-1997

Answer 23

1996- 16 children, 1 teacher shot dead at Dunblane primary school near Scotland
1997-Law banned all handguns except .22 single shot weapons

Question 24

Laws concerning physical punishment 1723-1967

Answer 24

1965-capital punishment abolished in britain
1967- all corporal punishment of offenders abolished

Question 25

Drug Laws 1975-2001

Answer 25

2001- Possession of drugs changed from criminal to civil

Question 26

Laws relating to children early 19th century- 2004

Answer 26

19th Century- Laws that excluded children from paid work
1880-Compulsory Schooling
1989- UN Convention of Rights of the Child
2004- The Children Act- fundamental principle underpinning work of agencies