Topic 1;Lifestyle, Health and Risk Flashcards
learn Key terms
Accuracy
How close the data is to the correct or accepted value.
Causation
A relationship between two values or pieces of data where one influences the other.
Correlation
An observed relationship between two completely separate values or pieces of data.
Precision
How close the repeated values of an experiment are to each other.
Qualitative data
Data in the form of non-numerical qualities and characteristics.
Quantitative data
Data in the form of measurable numbers and statistics.
Reliability
The ability to get consistent and repeatable results.
Validity
How well the data measures what it is supposed to.
Amylopectin
A branched polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by α-1,6 glycosidic bonds that makes up starch along with amylose.
Amylose
An unbranched polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds that makes up starch along with amylopectin.
Body mass index (BMI)
A method of measuring a person’s weight with respect
to their height to calculate whether they are of a healthy weight or not.
Condensation reaction
A type of reaction that joins two molecules together with the
formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water.
Disaccharide
Molecules formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides.
Ester bond
A type of bond formed by a condensation reaction which joins each of the fatty acid tails to the glycerol molecule in a triglyceride.
Glycogen
A highly branched polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in humans and animals.
Glycosidic bond
A bond between two monosaccharides formed in a condensation reaction.
High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
A dense molecule made of proteins and lipids that is used to remove cholesterol from tissues and transport it to the liver for excretion.
Hydrolysis
Breaking a chemical bond between two molecules involving the use of a water molecule.
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
A lower density molecule made of proteins and lipids that is used to transport cholesterol around the body to different tissues which can cause cholesterol buildup in blood vessels.
Monosaccharide
The individual sugar monomers from which larger carbohydrates are
made.
Polysaccharide
Molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides.
Saturated fatty acid:
A type of fatty acid molecule containing only single bonds
between the carbon atoms.
Starch
A polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in plants.
Triglyceride
A type of lipid formed from a molecule of glycerol joined by ester
bonds to three fatty acid molecules.
Unsaturated fatty acid
A type of fatty acid molecule containing at least one
double bond in the carbon chain.
Waist-to-hip ratio
A comparison of the size of a person’s waist to their circumference of their hips which can be used to determine a person’s health risk.
Anticoagulants
A class of drug used to stop blood from forming clots and used as a
treatment for CVD.
Antihypertensives
A class of drug that is used as a treatment for high blood pressure
(hypertension).
Atherosclerosis:
A disease caused by a buildup of fatty deposits within arteries which
narrows them and can restrict blood flow.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
A term used to describe a group of diseases related to the
heart and blood vessels.
Coagulation
The process of blood turning into a gel and forming a clot, often in response to a broken blood vessel to prevent blood loss.
Risk factor
A factor that increases the likelihood of a person developing a disease.
Statins
A class of drug that is used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood.
Dipole
A molecule which has an unequal distribution of electrons which causes atoms in the molecule to have partial charges.
Mass transport
The bulk transport of substances to all parts of an organism using mass flow.
Solvent
A substance which solutes can dissolve in to form a solution.
Aorta
The main artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart at high pressure.
Arteriole
A smaller type of blood vessel that connects arteries with capillaries.
Artery
A type of blood vessel that carries blood at high pressure away from the heart.
Atrial systole
The phase in the cardiac cycle following diastole where the atria contract and force the blood into the ventricles.
Atrium
A type of chamber in the heart which receives blood directly from a vein and passes it on to a ventricle.
Capillary
A very small blood vessel with thin walls and a small diameter used for substance exchange in tissues.
Cardiac diastole
The phase in the cardiac cycle following ventricular systole where the atria and ventricles are both relaxed and blood flows into the atria.
Coronary artery
The main artery that supplies the heart tissue with blood.
Left atrium
The chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein and passes it on to the left ventricle.
Left ventricle
The chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it out of the heart to the rest of the body.
Pulmonary artery
The main artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for reoxygenation.
Pulmonary vein
The main vein that carries oxygenated blood away from the lungs and back to the heart.
Right atrium
The chamber in the heart that receives deoxygenated blood directly from the vena cava and passes it on to the right ventricle.
Right ventricle
The chamber in the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it out of the heart to the lungs for reoxygenation.
Vein
A type of blood vessel that carries blood at lower pressure into the heart from other parts of the body.
Vena cava
The main vein that carries deoxygenated blood into the right atrium of the heart.
Ventricle
A type of chamber in the heart which receives blood from the atrium above it and pumps it out of the heart.
Ventricular systole
The phase in the cardiac cycle following atrial systole where the
ventricles contract and force the blood out of the heart and around the body.
Venule
A smaller type of blood vessel that connects capillaries with veins.
