DNA and RNA Basics

Question 1

what are the 2 type of nucleic acids?

Answer 1

DNA and RNA

Question 2

what are DNA and RNA used for?

Answer 2

They are used for storage and transfer of genetic materials and the synthesis of polypeptides.

Question 3

what are polypeptides?

Answer 3

Protein also known as (polypeptides)

Question 4

what does DNA and RNA (nucleic acid) is made of? (elements)

Answer 4

Carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
phosphorus

Question 5

What does DNA stands for?

Answer 5

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 6

what are the 4 bases of DNA?

Answer 6

(A) Adenine
(T) Thymine
(C) Cytosine
(G) Guanine

Question 7

what is a nucleotide?

Answer 7

consists of 3 components:
*phosphate
*sugar
*base

Question 8

describe the structure of DNA.

Answer 8

• 2 Antiparallel polynucleotide strands
• Double helix molecule
• The 2 strands of polynucleotide are joined together by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases.

Question 9

how is polynucleotide formed?

Answer 9

polynucleotide is formed by joining mononucleotides together, through condensation reaction between the phosphate one mononucleotide and the sugar of another.

Question 10

What is the sugar called in DNA mononucleotide?

Answer 10

Pentose sugar Deoxyribose

Question 11

What is the sugar called in RNA mononucleotide?

Answer 11

Ribose

Question 12

what is the base that replaces thymine in RNA?

Answer 12

Uracil

Question 13

Is DNA or RNA made of 1 strand of polynucleotide?

Answer 13

RNA is made of 1 but DNA is made of 2 polynucleotides

Question 14

what are 2 groups that the 4 bases can divided into.

Answer 14

• Pyrimidines
• Purines

Question 15

what base is in Pyrimidines and why?

Answer 15

(T) Thymine and (A) Adenine because they are the smaller bases which contains single carbon ring structure.

Question 16

what base is in Purines and why?

Answer 16

(C) Cytosine and (G) Guanine because they are the larger bases which contains double carbon ring structure.