Gametes and Fertilisation

Question 1

what passes the DNA to the new offsprings?

Answer 1

Gametes

Question 2

what are gametes?

Answer 2

they carry half the normal chromosomes of a body cell (23 chromosomes)

Question 3

what are the gametes in male and females?

Answer 3

In male its sperms and in female its egg

Question 4

how many chromosomes each of the two male and female gametes carry to fertilization?

Answer 4

23 chromosomes each

Question 5

define fertilization.

Answer 5

its the exact moment when both male and female nuclei fuses together.

Question 6

what does fertilization forms?

Answer 6

forms a zygote which divides and develops new organisms

Question 7

combination of 2 individuals genetic material will result in what?

Answer 7

it will result in a gentical unique individual/organism

Question 8

how many chromosome does a full body cell have?

Answer 8

46 chromosomes

Question 9

how are egg cells gametes specialised to their function?

Answer 9

It has;
-Zona pellucida which is a protective layer of glycoprotein that sperms needs to penetrate
-Follicle cells that acts as a protective coating
-Nucleus which contains genetic materials
-cell membrane or also known as plasma membrane
-is large and contains large food reserves for the developing embryo.

Question 10

how are sperm cells gametes specialised to their function?

Answer 10

It has;
-Nucleus which contains genetic materials
-cell membrane or also known as plasma membrane
-Lots of MITOCHONDRIA which releases energy (ATP) to for it to swim
-Flagella uses energy to swim
-Respiration takes place in mitochondria

Question 11

where are sperms deposited and how do they travel to oviduct?

Answer 11

deposited high up in vagina, near cervix entrance. Travels through cervix and uterus into an oviduct.

Question 12

name the female reproductive system different parts?

Answer 12

-ovary
-oviducts
-muscular uterus wall
-endometrium (lining of uterus)
-Uterus
-Cervix
-Vulva
-Vagina

Question 13

how does FERTILISATION occurs?

Answer 13

-sperm swims to egg cell
-come in contact with Zona Pellucida
-Acrosome reaction takes place [it’s when digestive enzymes are released from acrosome of sperm]
-They digest the Zona pellucida which allows sperm to move through cell membrane
-sperm cell fuses with cell membrane
-Cortical reaction is triggered [egg cell releases vescle content called granules into space between cell membrane and Zona pellucida]
-this thickens the membrane, which prevents other sperm cell from entering
-egg cell and sperm cell’s nucleus fuses together and sperm’s tail removed
-mitosis takes place to develop new organism.

Question 14

what is the term thats used for whats formed as result of fertilisation?

Answer 14

Zygote

Question 15

What does a Zygote have?

Answer 15

a zygote have full number of chromosomes and is able to divide bu mitosis.

Question 16

what digest the zona pellucida and how does it take place?

Answer 16

zona pellucida is digested by digestive enzymes that are released from sperm’s acrosomes.

Question 17

what is Cortical reaction?

Answer 17

its a reaction that takes place when the egg cell releases the vesicle content celled granules.

Question 18

what does cortical reaction do to egg cell?

Answer 18

thickens it’s memrane.

Question 19

how many chromosomes does a zygote has to have?

Answer 19

46 chromosomes

Question 20

why is it essential for sperm to combine with egg in order for it to fertilise?

Answer 20

because egg cell is a female gametes and gametes are haploid which mean it has half chromosomes 23, so when sperm combines with egg cells it become a full body cell to allow mitosis to take place.