Topic 1 - Cell Organells

Question 1

Nucleus structure

Answer 1

Nuclear envelope: Double membrane outer membrane is continuous with ER

Nuclear pores: allows mRNA out of nucleus

Dark patches = chromatin ( present when cell not dividing)

Nucleolus: makes ribosomal RNA and ribosomes

Spherical and largest organelle

Question 2

Nucleus Function

Answer 2

Contains genetic material

Chromatin consists of DNA and proteins

Contains instructions for making proteins

When cells divide chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes

Nucleolus makes RNA and ribosomes

Question 3

Why is nucleus special

Answer 3

Contains hereditary material

Question 4

Mitochondria Structure

Answer 4

Double membrane

Outer controls entry and exit
Inner forms cristae extensions

Cristae: provide a large surface area for enzymes involved in respiration

Matrix Surronds cristae and contains proteins lipids enzymes and some DNA

Question 5

Mitochondria function

Answer 5

Site were ATP is produced during respiration from carbohydrates

Question 6

Why is mitochondria special

Answer 6

Has its own DNA so can produce own proteins

Has a large surface area to provide space to enzymes involved in respiration

Question 7

endoplasmic reticulum structure

Answer 7

Consist of flattened membrane bound sacs- cisternae which are continuous with the other outer nuclear membrane

RER Ribosomes
Smooth ER No ribosomes

Question 8

endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 8

Smooth ER Involved in making lipids

RER transports proteins made on attached ribosomes

Question 9

Why endoplasmic reticulum is special

Answer 9

large surface area for synthesis of proteins

Question 10

Golgi apparatuses structure

Answer 10

Stack of membrane bound flattened sacs

Question 11

Golgi apparatuses function

Answer 11

receives proteins and lipids from er

modifys them

packages proteins into vesicles

to be transported inside or outside the cell

Question 12

Lysomes structure

Answer 12

Spherical sacs surrounded by a single membrane

Contains enzymes

Question 13

Lysosome function

Answer 13

Contains digestive enzymes which break down materials

Eg specialised lysosme in head of sperm can help penetrate the egg

Question 14

Organelles not surrounded by membranes

Answer 14

Ribosomes

Centrioles

Question 15

Ribosomes structure

Answer 15

cytoplasmic granules bound to rough ER with two subunits

Question 16

Ribosomes function

Answer 16

Protein synthesis acts as an assembly line to make mRNA to assemble proteins

Question 17

Centrioles structure

Answer 17

Small protein tubes of microtubules

Question 18

Centrioles function

Answer 18

Form fibres in cell division known as spindles which separate chromosomes

Question 19

Peroxisome

Answer 19

For field essential metabolic functions in lipid metabolism both catabolic and anabolic

Question 20

Tonoplast

Answer 20

The membrane surrounding the Vacuole separating its content from the cytoplasm in the cell

Question 21

Plasmodesmata

Answer 21

Is a channel through a cell wall that allows molecules and substances to move back and forth as needed