Mark scheme Questions (4 marks) Flashcards
describe how damage to the alveoli in the lungs leads to emphysema
emphysema damages the alveoli
by thinking or scarring it
makes air sacks larger
decreases surface area
therefore less diffusion of gas
describe how the build up of cholesterol in the artery increase the risk factor in the development of athroscolsis
cholesterol builds up with fatty substances to form plaque
plaque builds up slowly
cells in the artery’s preforms and internal response
the arteries become stiff and narrow
explain how L-dopa affects synaptic transmission in a person with Parkinson’s diseases
L-dopa starts off the production of dopamine
L-dopa increase the amount of the dopamine realised for a pre synaptic cleft
normal levels of dopamine received at the post synaptic neurone
explain how the mid-piece of a human sperm cell is specialised to support the function of its tail
the tail gives mobility
which uses large amounts of atp/energy
provided by large numbers of mitochondria contained in the mid piece
Explain the function of the sarcoplasmic recitclium in the skeletal muscle tissue
controls the uptake and release of calcium ions
which controls ATPase activity
and therefore the contraction of the muscle
name of technique to find out if bacteria is gram positive or gem negative
technique: gram staining
result gram p: turns purple
result gram n: turns red
magnification equation
image size = object size x magnification
micro milli x10 centi x 1000 nano x 1000
suggest an explication why young hearts are the best ones to use in transplants
young hearts have less athrosolsis
better supply of blood/glucose/ oxygen to heart muscle cells
therefore a young heart will last longer
explain the difference in the speed of the nerve impulse along theses axons
mylenated axons have schwann cells/nodes of ranvier
therefore the impulse/ action potential jumped from one node to the next
therefore depolarisation only at nodes (grater speed of nerve impulse )
explain how pesticides kill small animals
acetylchoiline builds up in cleft
therefore constant depolarisation of post post synaptic membrane
and content action potential/ impulses to muscles
so muscles permanently contracted
explain the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the skeletal muscle tissue
controls the uptake and releases of calcium ions
which controls ATpase activity
and therefore the contraction of the muscle
describe the changes in membrane permeability at point 1 on the graph
na channels open at -70mv
axon cell becomes more permeable to na
concentration gradient of na ions exist across the membrane
diffusion of na ions go into the nerve
explain how hyperpolorisation in an axon cell
k ions open
close more slowly than na channels
excess k ions diffuse out of the neurone
potential difference becomes more negative than resting potential -70mV
