Topic 1: Anatomy & Physiology, Cell Biology & Homeostasis Flashcards
Master topic 1 terms and definitions. Cards are doubled for forward and backward q/a (reversed versions included)
The study of the functions of body parts.
Physiology
Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
A plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
Coronal or Frontal Plane
These are interchangeable, both are mentioned.
Protraction
move anteriorly on a horizontal plane
A structure that synthesizes proteins in the cell.
Ribosome
anatomical name for Back of knee
Popliteus, Popliteal
Way to remember: Sometimes my knee pops = “POP”liteal
Can’t think of a better one!
Serous Membrane
Two layered membrane with fluid between layers
A membrane that reduces friction between organs and body cavities.
Depression
lower or drop a body part vertically
Sura, Sural
Calf
Tarsus, Tarsal
Ankle
Transverse Plane
A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior sections.
anatomical name for Chin
Mentis, Mental
anatomical name for Breast
Mamma, Mammary
Inferior
Below or toward the feet.
quadrant containing stomach, spleen
Left upper quadrant
anatomical word for palms facing downward/backwards
Pronation
anatomical name for Nose
Nasus, Nasal
Frontal Plane
A plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
anatomical name for Wrist
Carpus, Carpal
joint extension past the normal point
Hyperextension
A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
Tissue
Viscera
The internal organs within body cavities.
Epigastric region
liver and stomach
Negative Feedback
A process that counteracts a change to maintain stability (e.g., body temperature regulation).
anatomical word for rolling ankle inward, foot outward, sole of foot points laterally
Eversion
anatomical name for Front of elbow
Antecubital
Superior
above
anatomical word for ‘toward the back, or back’
Posterior, Dorsal
Feedback Mechanism
A process that regulates homeostasis through positive or negative feedback.
motion that brings body part towards midline on coronal plane
Adduction
Golgi Apparatus
An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
Parietal layer
lines inner surface of body cavity
turn outward
or rotate outward
External/lateral rotation
Digits, Phalanges
Fingers or Toes
Carpus, Carpal
Wrist
Positive Feedback
A process that enhances or amplifies a change (e.g., childbirth, blood clotting).
Cranial, Cephalic
head
anatomical name for Foot
Pes, Pedal
Hypogastric region
appendix and bladder (urinary)
Pronation
palms facing downward/backwards
Plantar flexion
ankle extension
Opposite of dorsiflexion
Internal/medial rotation
turn inwards
anatomical direction for ‘Above or toward the head.’
Superior
anatomical word for moving posteriorly on a horizontal plane
Retraction
Plasma Membrane
A selectively permeable membrane that encloses the cell and regulates transport.
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment to the body.
The fluid inside a cell that contains organelles and cellular components.
Cytoplasm
All chemical reactions occurring in the body to sustain life.
Metabolism
anatomical name for Thumb
Pollex
Umbilicus, Umbilical
Navel
A standard position of the body with arms at sides and palms facing forward.
Anatomical Position
define Organ.
A structure composed of multiple tissue types that performs a specific function.
What does the Thoracic Cavity contain?
The body cavity containing the heart and lungs.
anatomical word for palms facing forward/upwards (like holding a bowl of soup)
Supination
The ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water.
Tonicity
lines visceral organs
Visceral layer
anatomical name for Knee cap
Patella, Patellar
motion that takes a body part away from midline on coronal plane
Abduction
Hypotonic
A solution with a lower solute concentration outside the cell, causing swelling.
anatomical name for Ankle
Tarsus, Tarsal
A process that enhances or amplifies a change (e.g., childbirth, blood clotting).
Positive Feedback
Right upper quadrant
liver, gallbladder, large intestine, and small intestine
Note to self: small intestines are mostly in the LLQ but can be found in all 4 quadrants.
Nasus, Nasal
Nose
Eversion
roll ankle inward, foot outward, sole of foot points laterally
anatomical name for Arm
Brachium, Brachial
anatomical name for Neck
Cervicis, Cervical
Cytoskeleton
A network of protein filaments that provide structure and support to the cell.
The control center of the cell that contains DNA.
Nucleus
anatomical word for ‘closer to body surface’
Superficial
anatomical word for ankle extension
Plantar flexion
move anteriorly on a horizontal plane
Protraction
Oris, Oral
Mouth
Flexion
decreases joint angle
A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior sections.
Transverse Plane
Axilla, Axillary
Armpit
Adduction
brings body part towards midline on coronal plane
anatomical direction for ‘toward base or attachment point’
Proximal
Lumbus, Lumbar
Lower back region, between pelvis and ribs.
Literally means “Loin”
Supination
palms facing forward/upwards (like holding a bowl of soup)
The body cavity containing the heart and lungs.
Thoracic Cavity
Thoracic cavity containing trachea, esophagus, major vessels, pericardinum
Mediastinum
a specialized thumb movement, touch thumb to 5th finger
Opposition
Anatomical direction for ‘Closer to the point of attachment to the body.’
Proximal
External/lateral rotation
turn outward
Elevation
raise or lift a body part vertically
Retraction
move posteriorly on a horizontal plane
A solution with equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell.
Isotonic
A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right sections.
Sagittal Plane
Bucca, Buccal
Cheek
define Organ System
A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
Dorsiflexion
upward ankle flexion
opposite of plantar flexion
A solution with a higher solute concentration outside the cell, causing shrinkage.
Hypertonic
define Cell
The basic structural and functional unit of life.
A selectively permeable membrane that encloses the cell and regulates transport.
Plasma Membrane
Antebrachium, Antebrachial
Forearm
Deep
further from body surface
Hallux
Great toe
roll ankle outward, foot inward, sole of foot points medially
Inversion
Pericardium
fluid-filled sac that surrounds and protects your heart. It also lubricates your heart and holds it in place in your chest.
Is within the mediastinum.
The maintenance of a stable internal environment.
Homeostasis
Mitochondria
The powerhouse of the cell that generates ATP energy.
quadrant that contains urinary/bladder
Left lower quadrant
decreasing joint angle
Flexion
anatomical word for ‘Below or toward the feet.’
Inferior
Hypertonic
A solution with a higher solute concentration outside the cell, causing shrinkage.
Tonicity
The ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water.
Sagittal Plane
A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right sections.
The body cavity containing digestive, reproductive, and urinary organs.
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Medial
Toward the midline of the body.
anatomical name for Sole of foot
Planta, Plantar
Gluteus, Gluteal
Butt
The fluid found inside of cells.
Intracellular Fluid
anatomical direction for ‘Toward the front of the body.’
Anterior
Inversion
roll ankle outward, foot inward, sole of foot points medially
Rotation INward (INversion)
anatomical name for Calf
Sura, Sural
anatomical name for Navel
Umbilicus, Umbilical
left and right pleural cavities
cavities that contains the lungs
anatomical direction for ‘Toward the midline of the body.’
sagittal midline
Medial
Anterior, Ventral
front
anatomical direction for ‘Away from the midline of the body.’
Lateral
fluid-filled sac that surrounds and protects your heart. It also lubricates your heart and holds it in place in your chest.
Is within the mediastinum.
Pericardium
raise or lift a body part vertically
Elevation
A structure composed of multiple tissue types that performs a specific function.
Organ.
Palma, Palmar
Palm
anatomical word for ‘Farther from the point of attachment to the body.’
Distal
Superior
Above or toward the head.
lines inner surface of body cavity
Parietal layer
A solution with a lower solute concentration outside the cell, causing swelling.
Hypotonic
Medial
towards midline
Opposition
specialized thumb movement, touch thumb to 5th finger
Proximal
toward base
Left lower quadrant (LLQ) contains…
urinary bladder
anatomical name for Mouth
Oris, Oral
Ribosome
A structure that synthesizes proteins in the cell.
anatomical direction for ‘Toward the back of the body.’
Posterior
The fluid found outside of cells, including blood plasma and interstitial fluid.
Extracellular Fluid
Homeostasis
The maintenance of a stable internal environment.
A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
Organ System
define Metabolism
All chemical reactions occurring in the body to sustain life.
Brachium, Brachial
Arm
anatomical name for Palm
Palma, Palmar
Midsagittal
right and left equally
quadrant containing the appendix
Right lower quadrant
anatomical name for Forearm
Antebrachium, Antebrachial
A process that counteracts a change to maintain stability (e.g., body temperature regulation).
Negative Feedback
quadrant that contains liver, gallbladder, large intestine, and small intestine
Note to self: small intestines are mostly in the LLQ but can be found in all 4 quadrants, this isn’t quite right
Right upper quadrant
Pollex
Thumb
Anatomical Position
A standard position of the body with arms at sides and palms facing forward.
The internal organs within body cavities.
an extremely broad name for any “internal organs”
Viscera
anatomical name for Chest
Thoracic, Thorax
Thigh
Femur, Femoral
Hyperextension
extension past the normal point
define Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
Anatomy
The study of the structure of body parts.
Mamma, Mammary
Breast
region that contains the liver and stomach
Epigastric region
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
anatomical direction for ‘towards midline’
sagittal midline
Medial
Antecubital
Front of elbow
anatomical name for Forehead
Frons, Frontal
An organelle containing enzymes that digest waste and cellular debris.
Lysosome
Lysosomes ‘lyse,’ or break down debris. Lyse = Lysosome
Patella, Patellar
Knee cap
lower or drop a body part vertically
Depression
Umbilical region
gallbladder, large and small intestines
anatomical name for Ear
Auris, Otic
Visceral layer
lines visceral organs
Anterior
Toward the front of the body.
Olecranon, Olecranal
Back of elbow
The powerhouse of the cell that generates ATP energy.
Mitochondria
Frons, Frontal
Forehead
anatomical word for ‘further from body surface’
Deep
Cytoplasm
The fluid inside a cell that contains organelles and cellular components.
anatomical name for Lower Leg
Crus, Crural
increasing joint angle
Extension
Mediastinum
Thoracic cavity containing trachea, esophagus, major vessels, pericardinum
Right lower quadrant
appendix
There’s more in that area, but this is all it says on the Topic 1 Terms list for RLQ
anatomical name for Cheek
Bucca, Buccal
Pronunciation: “Buckle,” like belt buckle.
A process that regulates homeostasis through positive or negative feedback.
Feedback Mechanism
The study of the structure of body parts.
Anatomy
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
cavities that contains the lungs
left and right pleural cavities
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Osmosis
Popliteus, Popliteal
Back of knee
Femur, Femoral
Thigh
A network of protein filaments that provide structure and support to the cell.
Cytoskeleton
Superficial
closer to body surface
An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
Golgi Apparatus
Crus, Crural
Lower Leg
Pes, Pedal
Foot
Groin
Inguen, Inguinal
upward ankle flexion
opposite of plantar flexion
Dorsiflexion
anatomical word for turning inwards
can also be a rotation inwards
Internal/medial rotation
anatomical name for Lower back region, between pelvis and ribs.
Literally means “Loin”
Lumbus, Lumbar
Posterior, Dorsal
back
what is contained in the Abdominopelvic Cavity
The body cavity containing digestive, reproductive, and urinary organs.
Distal
Farther from the point of attachment to the body.
Two layered membrane with fluid between layers
A membrane that reduces friction between organs and body cavities.
Serous Membrane
Planta, Plantar
Sole of foot
Abduction
takes body part away from midline on coronal plane
anatomical word for right and left equally
Midsagittal
anatomical name for Armpit
Axilla, Axillary
general region of gallbladder, large and small intestines
Umbilical region
The basic structural and functional unit of life.
Cell
anatomical name for Great toe
Hallux
Mentis, Mental
Chin
Auris, Otic
Ear
Left upper quadrant
stomach, spleen
Posterior
Toward the back of the body.
Nucleus
The control center of the cell that contains DNA.
Acromion, Acromial
Top of shoulder
Lysosome
An organelle containing enzymes that digest waste and cellular debris.
Oculus, Occular, Orbital
Eye
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body.
Define Isotonic
A solution with equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell.
Intracellular Fluid
The fluid found inside of cells.
anatomical name for Top of shoulder
Acromion, Acromial
anatomical name for Eye
Oculus, Occular, Orbital
anatomical name for Heel
Calcaneus, Calcaneal
above
Superior
Extension
increases joint angle
Thoracic, Thorax
Chest
anatomical name for head
Cranial, Cephalic
Calcaneus, Calcaneal
Heel
Inguen, Inguinal
Groin
anatomical name for Fingers or Toes
Digits, Phalanges
Cervicis, Cervical
Neck
Physiology
The study of the functions of body parts.
anatomical word for ‘Front, or towards front’
Anterior, Ventral
A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Diffusion
region that contains appendix and bladder (urinary)
Hypogastric region
anatomical name for Butt
Gluteus, Gluteal
Extracellular Fluid
The fluid found outside of cells, including blood plasma and interstitial fluid.
