TOPIC 1

Question 1

What is Article 48?

Answer 1

Where the President could suspend the constitution in an emergency. He could make laws without the support of the Reichstag.

Question 2

Who were the Big 3? (The countries and the people who signed the Treaty of Versailles)

Answer 2

1.) USA- Woodrow Wilson
2.) GREAT BRITAIN- David Lloyd George
3.) FRANCE- Georges Clemenceau

Question 3

What were the 4 terms of the ToV?

Answer 3

Land
Arms
Money
Blame

Question 4

What did Germany lose in terms of land?

Answer 4

1.) Lost all oversea colonies
2.) A strip of land, Posea and West Prussia were all given to Poland.

Question 5

What did Germany lose in terms of military (arms)?

Answer 5

1.) Army reduced to 100,000 MEN
2.) NO air force
3.) 6 SMALL BATTLESHIPS
4.) NO SUBMARINES

Question 6

What did Germany have to pay in terms of money?

Answer 6

£6.6 billion (impossible amount) in reparations/ compensation
NOTE: paid via cattle and sheep, and Germany had to help the Allies make ships to replace the ones lost by U-boats

Question 7

How did Germany take the blame?

Answer 7

1.) They had to take all the blame for starting the war
2.) They weren’t allowed to join the League of Nations

Question 8

When was the Spartacist uprising, who led it and what side of the political spectrum did it come from?

Answer 8

1.) 1919 (before the ToV)
2.) Rosa Luxemburg/ Red Rosa
3.) Threat from the left

Question 9

What did the Spartacist uprising believe in? (Ideology and what they wanted the impact to be)

Answer 9

Believed in the far left ideology, and wanted to give power to the workers

Question 10

What year was Red Rosa (Rosa Luxemburg) released from prison?

Answer 10

1918

Question 11

What happened during the Spartacist uprising? (3 points)

Answer 11

1.) Only lasted a few days
2.) Liebknecht and Luxemburg were captured
3.) JANUARY 6TH, 1919 was the date in which the Spartacists attempted to overthrow President Ebert and the Weimar Government

Question 12

Who was the leader of the Kapp Putsch?

Answer 12

Wolfgang Kapp

Question 13

What side of the political spectrum was the Kapp Putsch and why did the Freikorps support the Putsch?

Answer 13

1.) Threat from the right
2.) The Freikorps supported the Putsch because they were ordered to disband by the Weimar government

Question 14

How did the public win against the Freikorps?

Answer 14

They WENT ON STRIKE. The Putsch collapsed because it didn’t have enough support

Question 15

What was the German army called and why did they refuse to fight the Freikorps?

Answer 15

1.) German army was called the REICHSWEHR
2.) They refused to fight because “The Reichswehr does not fire on the Reichswehr” (basically they still acknowledged the Freikorps as part of the army and refused to fight them)

Question 16

How many troops entered the Ruhr?

Answer 16

65,000 FRENCH AND BELGIAN TROOPS

Question 17

Why did the French invade the Ruhr? (Two reasons)

Answer 17

1.) Germany couldn’t pay the reparations for that year
2.) Germany had no money. The Ruhr was the industrial heart of Germany

Question 18

What did the Weimar Government tell workers in the Ruhr to do?

Answer 18

PASSIVE RESISTANCE

Question 19

How did the government pay the workers and what did it lead to?

Answer 19

The Government printed out more money to pay the workers and it lead to hyperinflation because the worth of the money began to decrease as more notes were printed out

Question 20

When was the Kiel Mutiny, who was included, what was the impact and why did it happen?

Answer 20

The Kiel Mutiny happened on the 3rd November 1918
It was the Navy Soldiers that mutinied
It led to the forced abdication of Kaiser Wilhelmina II on the 9th November
It happened because: 1.) The British navy were blocking German ports, which led to shortages of weapons and food
2.) Kaiser ordered people to fight the British (suicidal move) due to no food of weapons against one of the STRONGEST navies in the world

Question 21

What were the 3 strengths of the Weimar Constitution and why were they strengths?

Answer 21

1.) Men AND women over the age of 20 could vote: very democratic! Not even the USA or the UK had this
2.) Bill of Rights: guaranteed every German citizen freedom of speech, religion and equality under law
3.) Power of the Reichstag: Made all laws, elected every 4 years and range of political parties

Question 22

What were the three weaknesses to the Weimar Constitution and why were they weaknesses?

Answer 22

1.) Proportional representation- difficult to make decisions because of the amount of parties. It also allowed extremist parties to get represented
2.) Article 48- The definition of an ‘emergency’ was never properly specified
3.) Suspicion of new democracy- the amount of extremists (on both sides) rejected the Weimar’s authority so it was less effective

Question 23

What party was on the far left, and what are the letters that symbolise it?

Answer 23

Communists. They were represented by the letters KPD

Question 24

Who were the leaders of the Communists?

Answer 24

Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht

Question 25

What were the ideas of the communists based on, their opinions on the Weimar Republic and where did they gain their support?

Answer 25

1.) They had ideas based on the communist revolution where the workers rise up and rebelled
2.) They detested the Weimar Republic
3.) They drew support from the workers

Question 26

What side were the Social Democrats on and what letters represented them?

Answer 26

They were centre left, and were represented by the letters SPD

Question 27

Who was the leader of the Social Democrats?

Answer 27

Ebert

Question 28

Where did the Social Democrats get their support from and what were their opinions on the Weimar Republic?

Answer 28

1.) They gained most their support from workers and the middle class.
2.) They helped create the Weimar Republic- supported it

Question 29

What letters represented the Centre Party?

Answer 29

ZP

Question 30

What did the Centre Party voice, what were their opinions on the Weimar Republic and where did they get most their support from?

Answer 30

1.) They were the political voice of the Catholic Church
2.) They supported the Weimar Republic
3.) They were mainly supported by the conservatives

Question 31

What side were the Germans People Party and what letters represented them?

Answer 31

They were centre right, and they were also known as the DUP party

Question 32

Who started the DUP, who did they want back and who did they get support from?

Answer 32

1.) When it first emerged, Gustav Stresemann was their leader
2.) They wanted the return of the Kaiser
3.) They mainly get their support from big businesses/ powerful industries

Question 33

What side were the Nazi’s on and what were they also known as?

Answer 33

Far right, and they were also known as the NSDAP

Question 34

What were the NSDAP originally called and where did they get their support from?

Answer 34

1.) Originally called the German Workers Party (DAP)
2.) They got their support from the working class, but it soon grew across the middle class

Question 35

What were the 2 things the NSDAP hated?

Answer 35

They hated the Weimar Republic, and they hated those who signed the Treaty of Versailles

Question 36

How did the German soldiers feel when the Treaty was signed?

Answer 36

Backstabbed- Dolshtoss theory

Question 37

What were the three people who signed the ToV called?

Answer 37

The November Criminals