Topic 1 Flashcards
Considerations when using IS test kits (5)
Antigen-antibody specificity
Sensitivity and specificity
Rapid and efficient detection
Sample compatibility
User-friendly
Considerations:
Testing kits rely on the specific interaction between antigens and antibodies, ensuring accurate and targeted detection of the analyte of interest.
Antigen-antibody specificity
Considerations:
Ensuring that the testing kit can detect the analyte at low concentrations (?) and accurately distinguish it from other substances (?)
Sensitivity and specificity
Considerations:
The principle of delivering quick and efficient results, often through visual indicators or automated processes, to facilitate timely decision-making.
Rapid and efficient detection
Considerations:
Designing kits to work with a variety of sample types, such as blood, serum, urine, or swabs to enhance versatility and applicability in different settings.
Sample compatibility
Considerations:
Ensuring simplicity in kit operation, often with clear instructions and minimal steps, to accommodate users with varying levels of expertise
User-friendly design
Who are responsible for hospital waste management
Hospital staffers
Government agencies
Non-Government agencies
These can make the specimen unacceptable
Lipemic
Hemolyzed sample
Bacterial cotamination
Term used for presence of excess bilirubin in blood stream
Icteric
—- or —- serum may give invalid results or may interfere with the tests
Icteric or turbid
Reason why collect blood before a meal
To avoid chyle (milky body fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats or free fatty acids)
Contamination with —- or —- must be avoided
Alkali or acid
What to do when sample collected is hemolyzed?
Repeat collection
Color of icteric sample
Dark yellow to very dark yellow (brownish-like)
What false results do icteric samples cause
Very high bilirubin or AST/ALT
Appearance of lipemic sample
Turbid to milky consistency of sera
Results of lipemic sample
Very high cholesterol and triglycerides
Manual pipeting samples per hour
5-10 samples per hour
Hand pipeting using —- is fast in small applications and only requires the hand of a practiced lab tech instead of extra hardwrae
Fixed-volume
Disadvantages of manual pipetting
Time-consuming
Results can be unreliable
Repetitive actions can lead to injury
This pipet offers a way for labs to incrementally scale up production and increase reproducibility
Semi-automatic pipettes
How many samples per hour in semi-automatic pipettes
11-100
This only requires the technician to move the hand probe from one vessel to another vessel
Semi-automatic pipettes
This is most valuable in high-throughput applications that benefit from completely removing human movements
Automation
Automation can process hundreds of sample at a time and follow ———
Highly complex methods without deviation
This can protect you from hazardous/infectious samples
Automation
—- and —- solutions can cause problems with the measurement and delivery of samples and solutions
Bubbles and viscous
What causes bubbles
Wrong procedure handling
Complements can be inactivated by —- or after 4 hours reinactivated —-
Heating to 56C for 30mins or after 4 hours reinactivated by heating for 10mins
Types of pipette
Transfer pipette: volumetric and ostwald folin pipette
Graduated pipette: serological and mohr pipette
Micropipette
A disposable plastic pipets used to transfer small volumes of liquids
Transfer pipette
TD types that have the bulb closer to the center and accurately deliver a fixed volume of aqueous solutions
Volumetric pipette
TD types that have the bulb closer to the delivery tip because they deliver viscous fluids. These pipettes deliver an accurate volume by being blown out using a pipetting bulb
Ostwald folin pipette
This pipet have with its volume, in increments, marked along the tube, is used to accurately measure and transfer a volume of liquid from one container to another
Graduated pipette
Tapered end and graduation marks on the stem
Serologic
Mohr
This pipet is calibrated between marks and cannot be blown out
Mohr pipet
Which pipet is graduated to the tip and which isn’t
Serological pipet is graduated to the tip
Mohr pipet is not graduated to the tip
This pipet allow rapid repetitive measurements and delivery of predetermined volumes of reagents and specimens
Micropipet
Micropipet is —- operated device
Piston operated device
True or false: when pipetting it is to remember to have it in horizontal position
Vertical position
