hepatitis Flashcards
most widely used method of hepa testing
ELISA
Hepa A (HAV) is a member for the family?
Picornaviridae
hepa A transmisison
fecal-oral route
fecal contamination of food or water
hepa A infection on children
asymptomatic
incubation period of hepa A
10-50 days
symptomatic infection includes?
- fever
- anorexia
- vomiting
- fatigue
- abdominal pain
- malaise
patient may become jaundiced
T or F: hepa A symptoms are more severe in children.
False, more severe in pregnant women
recovery period of hepa A
2-4 weeks
mortality rate of hepa A
0.1% and chronic disease rarely occurs
inactivated vaccines was first developed in ___ and are recommended for ___
developed in 1995, recommended for:
- travelers
- drug abusers
- children
a single acute sample with a high titer of ___ compared to ___ is considered diagnostic of an acute infection of hepa A
high titer of IgM than IgG
lab tests for hepa A
- AST and ALT increased
- hyperbilirubinemia
- decreased albumin
- tea-colored urine
- pale-colored stools
paired sera (acute collected at onset of symptoms and convalescent 3-4 weeks later) are analyzed for an?
increase anti-HAV antibodies
t or f: AST and ALT are increased, peak before jaundice occurs in HAV
true
t or f: anti-HAV antibodies are present at onset of symptoms and for years afterward
true
HBV is partially a double-stranded DNA, member of the family ___
Hepadnaviridae
dane particle: the complete HBV that can cause infection
42 nm
transmission of HBV is via __
mucous membranes
- sexual contact
- wound contacting contaminated blood and body fluids
- parenterally
this occurs through transfusion of contaminated blood products, hemodialysis, intravenous drug use, contaminated needle sticks, tattooing, acupuncture, or ear piercing
parenteral infection
enumerate the high-risk people of acquiring HBV
- intravenous drug users
- men who have sex with men
- hemodialysis patients
- healthcare workers
HBV
incubation period:
recovery period:
incubation: 50-180 days
recovery: within 6 months
acute infection of HBV can last up to 6 months, true or false
true
symptoms of HBV
- fever
- anorexia
- vomiting
- fatigue
- malaise
- jaundice
- arthralgia
t or f: approx. 5% of infected patients develop a chronic infection, in which the patient remains hepa A surface antigen (HAsAg) positive
false, hepa B
if chronic infections are active in HBV, this can be resulted to what diseases?
hepatocellular carcinoma or liver cirrhosis
t or f: all chronic carriers in HBV shed virus
true
this vaccine is recommended for healthcare workers
recombinant HBV
presence of this antigen indicated infectivity and the concentration of this continues to rise and peaks about midway through the acute infection
HBsAg
HBV: first marker that appears at the end of the incubation period is the?
HBsAg
after HBsAg is detected in the blood, ___ appears
Hepatitis Be antigen
HBV: this marker appear and begins to rise a couple of weeks into the acute infection
hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) begins to rise a couple of weeks into the acute infection
HBeAg peaks at ___ and disappears about ___
peaks at midway through the acute infection and disappears about two-thirds of the way through acute phase
this marker peaks at the end of the acute infection stage after HBsAg is no longer detectable and before antibody to hepa B surface antigen can be detected
anti-HBc
this period “core window”
HBV: what antibody peaks a few weeks after the acute infection stage then disappears in about 6 months during reocvery
anti-HBc IgM
this antibody will persist for several decades
anti-HBc IgM
this antibody begins to rise and peaks about 2-16 weeks later at the end of acute stage
anti-HBe
the concentration of this antibody decreases slightly during a person’s lifetime but never disappears
anti-HBe
HBV: last marker to appear in which at the end of acute stage and the beginning of recovery stage.
anti-HBs
t or f: anti-HBs concentration peaks then plateaus during recovery and disappears.
false, it never disappears
presence of this antibody indicates immunity
anti-HBs
markers of HBV in order
- HBsAg
- HBeAg
- anti-HBc
- anti-HBc igM
- anti-HBc igG
- anti-HBe
- anti-HBs
if chronic infection of HBV, patient do not produce this detectable levels of ___ and HBsAg persists
anti-HBs
a single-stranded RNA virus
Hepa C virus
HCV is the member of the family?
Hepacivirus
HCV transmission
- parenteral
- sexual
- perinatal
most common HCV transmisison
parenteral
incubation period of HCV
2-26 weeks
acute infections of this virus are asymptomatic or mild
HCV
symptoms of HCV include __
- nausea
- vomiting
- abdominal pain
- fatigue
- malaise
- jaundice
HCV: approx. ___ of cases become chronic, with ___ leading to cirrhosis
approx. 50-80% of cases become chronic, with 25% leading to cirrhosis
diagnostic of HCV infection
anti-HCV
why does anti-HCV IgM does not distinguish acute and chronic diseases?
because both igM and IgG antibodies are detectable for years
which is more accurate for testing HCV infection? ELISA or immunoblot assay?
immunoblot since ELISA test can have false positive results
unclassified, single-stranded RNA virus
hepa D (Delta hepatitis)
HDV requires this antigen from HBV to replicate and infect host
HBsAg
HDV transmission
- parenteral
- transmucosal
this occurs when patients acquire HBV and HDV infections simultaneously
coinfection
this occurs in patients with an established HBV infection who acquire HDV infection
superinfection
this infection occur and progress to chronic HBV/HDV infection
superinfection
patients with chronic HBV/HDV infection have poor prognosis because of?
severe liver damage, inflammation, and cirrhosis
t or f: only HBsAg positive patients are tested for HDV
true
first marker to appear in HDV infection, which is detectable about 1-4 days before symptoms start
HDV-Ag
markers of HDV infection (in order/which one to appear first)
- HDV-Ag
- IgM anti HDV
- low levels of IgG anti-HDV
switch to high levels of IgG anti-HDV indicates?
past HDV infection
condition which the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes turn yellow because of high level of bilirubin, a yellow-orange bile pigment
jaundice
condition which your liver is scarred and permanently damage
liver cirrhosis
hepa E transmission
fecal-oral route
incubation period of HEV
2-8 weeks
symptoms of hepa E
- jaundice
- nausea
- fatigue
chronic HEV can lead to?
weak immune system pregnancy
which Hepa infection has no treatment?
hepa A and hepa E
only occurs in people already infected with hepa B
hepa D
which hepa infection has vaccine available?
A, B, D
treatment for hepa B
alpha interferon and peginterferon
hepa D treatment
interferon
which hepa infection is can be transmitted through fecal-oral route?
A and E
which hepa infection can be acquired through blood contact
(3 answers)
B, C, D
this hepa infection can also spread via infected tears or saliva
Hepa B
this hepa infection has no permanent damage to liver
hepa A
hepa C treatment
direct-acting antiviral drugs
