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IS Lab > hepatitis > Flashcards

hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

most widely used method of hepa testing

A

ELISA

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2
Q

Hepa A (HAV) is a member for the family?

A

Picornaviridae

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3
Q

hepa A transmisison

A

fecal-oral route

fecal contamination of food or water

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4
Q

hepa A infection on children

A

asymptomatic

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5
Q

incubation period of hepa A

A

10-50 days

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6
Q

symptomatic infection includes?

A
  • fever
  • anorexia
  • vomiting
  • fatigue
  • abdominal pain
  • malaise

patient may become jaundiced

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7
Q

T or F: hepa A symptoms are more severe in children.

A

False, more severe in pregnant women

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8
Q

recovery period of hepa A

A

2-4 weeks

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9
Q

mortality rate of hepa A

A

0.1% and chronic disease rarely occurs

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10
Q

inactivated vaccines was first developed in ___ and are recommended for ___

A

developed in 1995, recommended for:
- travelers
- drug abusers
- children

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11
Q

a single acute sample with a high titer of ___ compared to ___ is considered diagnostic of an acute infection of hepa A

A

high titer of IgM than IgG

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12
Q

lab tests for hepa A

A
  • AST and ALT increased
  • hyperbilirubinemia
  • decreased albumin
  • tea-colored urine
  • pale-colored stools
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13
Q

paired sera (acute collected at onset of symptoms and convalescent 3-4 weeks later) are analyzed for an?

A

increase anti-HAV antibodies

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14
Q

t or f: AST and ALT are increased, peak before jaundice occurs in HAV

A

true

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15
Q

t or f: anti-HAV antibodies are present at onset of symptoms and for years afterward

A

true

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16
Q

HBV is partially a double-stranded DNA, member of the family ___

A

Hepadnaviridae

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17
Q

dane particle: the complete HBV that can cause infection

A

42 nm

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18
Q

transmission of HBV is via __

A

mucous membranes

  • sexual contact
  • wound contacting contaminated blood and body fluids
  • parenterally
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19
Q

this occurs through transfusion of contaminated blood products, hemodialysis, intravenous drug use, contaminated needle sticks, tattooing, acupuncture, or ear piercing

A

parenteral infection

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20
Q

enumerate the high-risk people of acquiring HBV

A
  • intravenous drug users
  • men who have sex with men
  • hemodialysis patients
  • healthcare workers
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21
Q

HBV
incubation period:
recovery period:

A

incubation: 50-180 days
recovery: within 6 months

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22
Q

acute infection of HBV can last up to 6 months, true or false

A

true

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23
Q

symptoms of HBV

A
  • fever
  • anorexia
  • vomiting
  • fatigue
  • malaise
  • jaundice
  • arthralgia
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24
Q

t or f: approx. 5% of infected patients develop a chronic infection, in which the patient remains hepa A surface antigen (HAsAg) positive

A

false, hepa B

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25
Q

if chronic infections are active in HBV, this can be resulted to what diseases?

A

hepatocellular carcinoma or liver cirrhosis

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26
Q

t or f: all chronic carriers in HBV shed virus

A

true

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27
Q

this vaccine is recommended for healthcare workers

A

recombinant HBV

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28
Q

presence of this antigen indicated infectivity and the concentration of this continues to rise and peaks about midway through the acute infection

A

HBsAg

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29
Q

HBV: first marker that appears at the end of the incubation period is the?

A

HBsAg

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30
Q

after HBsAg is detected in the blood, ___ appears

A

Hepatitis Be antigen

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31
Q

HBV: this marker appear and begins to rise a couple of weeks into the acute infection

A

hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) begins to rise a couple of weeks into the acute infection

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32
Q

HBeAg peaks at ___ and disappears about ___

A

peaks at midway through the acute infection and disappears about two-thirds of the way through acute phase

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33
Q

this marker peaks at the end of the acute infection stage after HBsAg is no longer detectable and before antibody to hepa B surface antigen can be detected

A

anti-HBc

this period “core window”

34
Q

HBV: what antibody peaks a few weeks after the acute infection stage then disappears in about 6 months during reocvery

A

anti-HBc IgM

35
Q

this antibody will persist for several decades

A

anti-HBc IgM

36
Q

this antibody begins to rise and peaks about 2-16 weeks later at the end of acute stage

A

anti-HBe

37
Q

the concentration of this antibody decreases slightly during a person’s lifetime but never disappears

A

anti-HBe

38
Q

HBV: last marker to appear in which at the end of acute stage and the beginning of recovery stage.

A

anti-HBs

39
Q

t or f: anti-HBs concentration peaks then plateaus during recovery and disappears.

A

false, it never disappears

40
Q

presence of this antibody indicates immunity

A

anti-HBs

41
Q

markers of HBV in order

A
  • HBsAg
  • HBeAg
  • anti-HBc
  • anti-HBc igM
  • anti-HBc igG
  • anti-HBe
  • anti-HBs
42
Q

if chronic infection of HBV, patient do not produce this detectable levels of ___ and HBsAg persists

A

anti-HBs

43
Q

a single-stranded RNA virus

A

Hepa C virus

44
Q

HCV is the member of the family?

A

Hepacivirus

45
Q

HCV transmission

A
  • parenteral
  • sexual
  • perinatal
46
Q

most common HCV transmisison

A

parenteral

47
Q

incubation period of HCV

A

2-26 weeks

48
Q

acute infections of this virus are asymptomatic or mild

A

HCV

49
Q

symptoms of HCV include __

A
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • abdominal pain
  • fatigue
  • malaise
  • jaundice
50
Q

HCV: approx. ___ of cases become chronic, with ___ leading to cirrhosis

A

approx. 50-80% of cases become chronic, with 25% leading to cirrhosis

51
Q

diagnostic of HCV infection

A

anti-HCV

52
Q

why does anti-HCV IgM does not distinguish acute and chronic diseases?

A

because both igM and IgG antibodies are detectable for years

53
Q

which is more accurate for testing HCV infection? ELISA or immunoblot assay?

A

immunoblot since ELISA test can have false positive results

54
Q

unclassified, single-stranded RNA virus

A

hepa D (Delta hepatitis)

55
Q

HDV requires this antigen from HBV to replicate and infect host

A

HBsAg

56
Q

HDV transmission

A
  • parenteral
  • transmucosal
57
Q

this occurs when patients acquire HBV and HDV infections simultaneously

A

coinfection

58
Q

this occurs in patients with an established HBV infection who acquire HDV infection

A

superinfection

59
Q

this infection occur and progress to chronic HBV/HDV infection

A

superinfection

60
Q

patients with chronic HBV/HDV infection have poor prognosis because of?

A

severe liver damage, inflammation, and cirrhosis

61
Q

t or f: only HBsAg positive patients are tested for HDV

A

true

62
Q

first marker to appear in HDV infection, which is detectable about 1-4 days before symptoms start

A

HDV-Ag

63
Q

markers of HDV infection (in order/which one to appear first)

A
  • HDV-Ag
  • IgM anti HDV
  • low levels of IgG anti-HDV
64
Q

switch to high levels of IgG anti-HDV indicates?

A

past HDV infection

65
Q

condition which the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes turn yellow because of high level of bilirubin, a yellow-orange bile pigment

A

jaundice

66
Q

condition which your liver is scarred and permanently damage

A

liver cirrhosis

67
Q

hepa E transmission

A

fecal-oral route

68
Q

incubation period of HEV

A

2-8 weeks

69
Q

symptoms of hepa E

A
  • jaundice
  • nausea
  • fatigue
70
Q
A
71
Q

chronic HEV can lead to?

A

weak immune system pregnancy

72
Q

which Hepa infection has no treatment?

A

hepa A and hepa E

73
Q

only occurs in people already infected with hepa B

A

hepa D

74
Q

which hepa infection has vaccine available?

A

A, B, D

75
Q

treatment for hepa B

A

alpha interferon and peginterferon

76
Q

hepa D treatment

A

interferon

77
Q

which hepa infection is can be transmitted through fecal-oral route?

A

A and E

78
Q

which hepa infection can be acquired through blood contact

(3 answers)

A

B, C, D

79
Q

this hepa infection can also spread via infected tears or saliva

A

Hepa B

80
Q

this hepa infection has no permanent damage to liver

A

hepa A

81
Q

hepa C treatment

A

direct-acting antiviral drugs

IS Lab (10 decks)

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