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IS Lab > Immunizing Agent > Flashcards

Immunizing Agent Flashcards

2nd topic

1
Q

Innate or Adaptive: no allergic reaction

A

Innate

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2
Q

Innate or Adaptive: immediate and delay hypersensitivity

A

Adaptive

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3
Q

Examples of innate immunity

A

physical barriers/exogenous (skin)
endogenous (stomach acid)
mucosal secretions
phagocytosis (PMNs)
NK cells
WBCs
Lymphocytes
Macrophages

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4
Q

It is the foreign substance that comes in contact with the human body

A

antigen

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5
Q

common examples of antigens

A

viruses
bacteria
microorganisms

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6
Q

common examples of adaptive/acquired immunity

A

vaccines

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7
Q

why is adaptive immunity slow

A

antibody production takes time

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8
Q

which is more potent, innate or adaptive

A

adaptive

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9
Q

example of cells in adaptive (acquired) immunity

A

T cells (cytokines)
B cells (antibodies)

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10
Q

what is phagocytosis

A

engulfing foreign substances

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11
Q

what specific T cell are CD8 and CD4

A

cytotoxic T cells (CD8)
helper T cells (CD4)

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12
Q

Active or Passive: individual produces antibody

A

active

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13
Q

Active or Passive: follows immunization or infection

A

active

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14
Q

Active or Passive: memory (lasting)

A

active

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15
Q

Active or Passive: antibody transferred to individual

A

passive

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16
Q

Active or Passive: gamma-globulin, injections, placental transfer

A

passive

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17
Q

Active or Passive: no memory (temporary)

A

passive

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18
Q

Active or Passive: stimulates the body’s immune system

A

active

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19
Q

Active or Passive: body produces antibodies or cell mediated immunity, or both, which protects against infectious agent (vaccines, toxoids)

A

active

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20
Q

Active or Passive: consists of providing temporary protection through the administration of exogenously produced antibodies

A

passive

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21
Q

example of passive immunity

A

transplacental immunity
immunoglobulin injection (specific purposes)

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22
Q

how long does transplacental immunity (IgG) last

A

first 3-6 months of life

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23
Q

identify what type of immunity (active natural/artificial or passive natural/artificial): infection

A

natural active

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24
Q

identify what type of immunity (active natural/artificial or passive natural/artificial): vaccination

A

artificial active

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25
Q

identify what type of immunity (active natural/artificial or passive natural/artificial): transfer in vivo or colostrum

A

natural passive

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26
Q

identify what type of immunity (active natural/artificial or passive natural/artificial): infusion of serum/plasma

A

artificial passive

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27
Q

half life of IgG immune antibody

A

23 days

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28
Q

lifespan of memory cells (memory lymphocytes)

A

years

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29
Q

identify what type of immunity (active natural/artificial or passive natural/artificial): transplacental transfer of IgG and breast milk

A

natural passive

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30
Q

identify what type of immunity (active natural/artificial or passive natural/artificial): immunoglobulins and antisera (antitoxins)

A

artificial passive

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31
Q

identify what type of immunity (active natural/artificial or passive natural/artificial): vaccination

A

artificial active

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32
Q

identify what type of immunity (active natural/artificial or passive natural/artificial): immunity after infection

A

natural active

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33
Q

duration of natural passive immunity

A

short period of time only

34
Q

this immunity happens when a person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune

A

natural active

35
Q

substances or organisms that provokes an immune response (produces immunity) when introduced into the body

A

immunizing agents

36
Q

suspension of attenuated live or killed microorganisms administered to induce immunity and thereby prevent infectious disease

37
Q

contains 15% - 18% protein obtained by cold ethanol fractionation of large pools of blood plasma

A

immunoglobulins

38
Q

primarily indicated for certain immune deficient people, passive immunization against measles and Hep A, and special IV preparations for immunoglobulin deficient patients

A

immunoglobulins

39
Q

blood serum containing monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies that is used to spread passive immunity to many diseases

40
Q

what is the smallest and the most dominant Ig in the body

41
Q

killed or live vaccine: multiple doses

42
Q

killed or live vaccine: single dose

43
Q

killed or live vaccine: need for adjuvant

44
Q

killed or live vaccine: no need for adjuvant

45
Q

killed or live vaccine: longer duration of immunity

46
Q

killed or live vaccine: shorter duration of immunity

47
Q

killed or live vaccine: greater effects

48
Q

killed or live vaccine: lower effects

49
Q

killed or live vaccine: produces only IgG

50
Q

killed or live vaccine: produces IgG and IgA

51
Q

killed or live vaccine: stable at room temp

52
Q

killed or live vaccine: low stability at room temp

53
Q

characteristics of effective vaccines

A

safety
protection
long lasting effects
cost
administration

54
Q

constituents of immunizing agents

A

suspending fluid
preservative, stabilizers, antibiotics
adjuvants

55
Q

common example of suspending fluid

A

NSS or distilled water

56
Q

this may be a complex fluid containing small amounts of protein in other constituents derived from the medium or biologic system in which the immunizing agent is produced (serum proteins, egg antigens, cell culture-derived agents)

A

suspending fluid

57
Q

this is used to vaccines to inhibit or prevent bacterial growth in viral culture or the final product, and to stabilize the antigen

A

preservatives, stabilizers, antibiotics

58
Q

true or false: allergic reactions may occur because of the adjuvants used in vaccines

A

false, allergic ractions may occur because of the preservatives, stabilizers, antibiotics used in vaccines

59
Q

this enhances the immune response to vaccines containing inactivated microorganisms

60
Q

adjuvants can be in what forms

A

aluminum salt
oil in water adjuvants

61
Q

refers to the antibody-containing preparations

62
Q

Interpret the result

RT-qPCR: +
IgM: -
IgG: -

A

Patient may be in the window period of infection

63
Q

Interpret the result

RT-qPCR: +
IgM: +
IgG: -

A

Patient may be in the early stage of infection

64
Q

Interpret the result

RT-qPCR: +
IgM: +
IgG: +

A

Patient is in the active phase of infection

65
Q

Interpret the result

RT-qPCR: +
IgM: -
IgG: +

A

patient may be in the later or recurrent stage of infection

66
Q

Interpret the result

RT-qPCR: -
IgM: +
IgG: -

A

patient may be in the early stage of infection

RT-qPCR result may be false negative

67
Q

Interpret the result

RT-qPCR: -
IgM: -
IgG: +

A

patient may have had a past infection and has recovered

68
Q

Interpret the result

RT-qPCR: -
IgM: +
IgG: +

A

patient may be in the recovery stage of an infection

RT-qPCR result may be false negative

69
Q

Immunoglobulin that has unknown function

70
Q

an IgA monomer

71
Q

an IgA dimer

A

secretory IgA

72
Q

ig prominent in early immune response and indicates acute infection

73
Q

an ig that is 75% of total body concentration

74
Q

what ig should be associated in ur colostrum

75
Q

duration of immune response in natural active

76
Q

duration of immune response in artificial activr

77
Q

duration of immune response in passive immunity

78
Q

examples of innate in physical

A
  • skin
  • cough reflex
  • tears
  • mucosal layers
  • stomach acids
79
Q

examples of innate phagocytes

A
  • monocytes
  • macrophages
  • neutrophils
  • NK cells
  • dendritic cells
80
Q

adaptive T lmyphocytes

A
  • helper T cells
  • cytotoxic T cells
81
Q

adaptive B lymphocytes

A
  • clonal B lymphocytes
  • memory B cells

IS Lab (10 decks)

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