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IS Lab > Syphilis > Flashcards

Syphilis Flashcards

1
Q

Causative agent of syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum

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2
Q

syphilis is transmitted by?

A

direct contact

sexual and perinatal (across the placenta)

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3
Q

early asymptomatic phase lasts?

A

10 days to 10 weeks

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4
Q

after T. pallidum enters the body, what’s next?

A

it reaches the bloodstream and is disseminated to all organs

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5
Q

identify the stage

chancre appears

A

primary syphilis

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6
Q

painless initial lesion, nonbleeding ulcer

“punched out” appearance with a red and smooth based and visible scant serous secretions

A

chancre

appears after the initial infection

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7
Q

chancre appears — after the initial infection

days/weeks

A

2 - 3 weeks after initial infection

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8
Q

primary syphilis

what’s next after the chancre appears?

A

lymph nodes enlarge

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9
Q

identify the stage

antibodies are produced

A

primary

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10
Q

antibodies are produced — after the infection

days/weeks

A

1-4 weeks

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11
Q

darkfield analysis of lesion demonstrates?

A

spirochetes

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12
Q

enumerate the symptoms that starts to appear during the secondary stage

7 symptoms

A
  • skin rash
  • low-grade fever
  • malaise
  • pharyngitis
  • weight loss
  • arthralgia
  • lymphadenopathy
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13
Q

symptoms during secondary syphilis last?

A

4-6 weeks

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14
Q

identify.

spirochetes are present throughout the body during this stage

A

secondary syphilis

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15
Q

identify the stage

ulcer develop on mucous membranes

A

secondary

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16
Q

identify the stage

serologic tests are positive

A

secondary

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17
Q

identify the stage

condyloma lata

A

secondary

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18
Q

formed by coalescence of large, pale, flat-topped papules. occur in warm, moist areas

A

condyloma lata

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19
Q

condyloma lata occur in warm, moist areas such as — and are highly infectious

A

perianal

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20
Q

identify

stage of syphilis with no signs or symptoms

A

latency

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21
Q

identify the stage

nontreponemal and treponemal serologic tests are positive

A

latency

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22
Q

identify the stage

one in four individuals relapses into secondary syphilis

A

early latency

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23
Q

identify the stage

the patient is resistant to reinfection and to relapses

A

late latency

24
Q

symptoms of tertiary occur — after initial infetion

A

2 - 40 years

25
Q

this refers to the syphilis lesions due to hypersensitivity reaction to treponemal antigens and are found throughout the body

A

gummas

26
Q

identify the stage

gummas

A

tertiary

27
Q

this diseases/symptoms can occur during tertiary stage

enumerate!

A
  • syphilitic aortitis
  • aortic valve insufficiency
  • thoracic aneurysm
28
Q

neurosyphilis can cause?

A

blindness and senility

29
Q

most common complication of late syphilis

A

gummas

it may be single or multiple.

indolent, slowly progressive, and indurated granulomata, with central healing and atrophic scar surrounded by hyperpigmented borders.

30
Q

true or false

gummas are destructive and hard to treat

A

FALSE

gummas responds rapidly to treatment

31
Q

true or false

T. pallidum can cross the placenta during any stage of the disease

A

TRUE

congenital syphilis

32
Q

congenital syphilis

infection of the fetus causes —

enumerate

A
  • late abortion
  • stillbirth
  • neonatal death/disease
  • latent infection
33
Q

true or false

the outcome does not depend on the stage of the mother’s disease - primary or secondary syphilis causing the worst outcome - and the age of the fetus at infection

A

FALSE

it DOES depend

34
Q

Congenital syphilis is avoided if the mother received the treatment during —

A

first 4 months of pregnancy

35
Q

congenital syphilis presents in the neonate as?

enumerate the 7

A
  • maculopapular desquamatous rash (mouth, palm, soles)
  • hemolytic anemia
  • jaundice
  • hepatosplenomegaly
  • abnormal cartilage and bone involvement
  • mental retardation
36
Q

definitive diagnosis is made by detection of T. pallidum in —

enumerate the 4

A
  • CSF
  • umbilical cors
  • skin
  • mucous membrane lesions

depending on the stage of the disease

37
Q

T. pallidum is detected using?

A

darkfield microscopy or silver stain

38
Q

used to detect T. pallidum in lesions

A

fluorescence labeled antibody

Direct Fluorescent antibody-Z pallidum (DFA-TP) test

39
Q

identify what test

detect reagin and are only used for screening because antibody will cross react with similar antigens present in SLE, autoimmune disease, pregnancy, and some chronic infections such as hepatitis

A

nontreponemal antigen tests

40
Q

nontreponemal test

SLE, autoimmune disease, pregnancy, and some chronic infections such as hepatitis

these conditions can result in?

A

false positives

41
Q

enumerate the nontreponemal antigen tests

A
  • Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL)
  • unheated serum reagin (USR)
  • rapid plasma reagin (RPR) assays
42
Q

all reactive results must be confirmed using a test called?

A

treponemal antigen tests

43
Q

uses T. pallidum cells as antigen source and these assays are highly specific

identify what test

A

treponemal antigen test

44
Q

identify the treponemal antigen tests

A
  • fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS)
  • T. pallidum particulate agglutination (TP-PA)
  • microhemmaglutination T. pallidum tests
45
Q

this test measures the antibody (reagin) a patient has formed against cardiolipin, cholesterol, and lecithin

A

VDRL test

Venereal Disease Research Laboratory

46
Q

VDRL tests are read microscopy for?

A

flocculation

nonreactive NR, weak reactive WR, reactive R

47
Q
A
48
Q
A
48
Q

this test is positive 1-3 weeks after the chancre appears

A

VDRL test

limited to use on CSF

the only serologic test approved for testing CSF

48
Q

a modified VDRL test in which choline-chloride EDTA is added to the VDRL antigen. the addition of this compound allows serum that has not been heat inactivated to be tested

A

USR test

unheated serum reagin

49
Q

macroscopic flocculation

the assay uses VDRL antigen with charcoal particles. the antigen is not attached to the charcoal as in latex agglutination assays. the charcoal is trapped in the flocculation reaction, which allows the reaction to be seen macroscopically

A

RPR test

rapid plasma reagin

50
Q

RPR test

dilutions are made to semi quantify the?

A

amount of antibody present

this test can be quali or semiquantitative

51
Q

identidy what test

treponemal antigen is combined with liposomes. if antibodies are present, a mat of agglutination forms in wells of a microtiter plate

A

TP-PA test

T. pallidum particulate agglutination

52
Q

principle of FTA-ABS test

A

indirect antibody test

53
Q

FTA-ABS test

— of T. pallidum subsp. pallidum is affixed into wells of microscope slides

A

Nichol’s strain

patient serum is heated inactivated

53
Q

FTA-ABS

nontreponemal antibody is absorbed from patient serum with a sorbent of — of nonpathogenic treponeme

A

Reiter’s strain

54
Q

FTA-ABS

fluorescent reactions are graded —

A

1 - 4+

FITC-labeled antihuman antibody is added

IS Lab (10 decks)

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