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BDS1 BAMS: Oral Morphology, Histology and Physiology > Tooth Morphology > Flashcards

Tooth Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the FDI notation for central maxillary incisors?

A

11, 21

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2
Q

What are the features of central maxillary incisors?

A
  • Square shaped crowns
  • Raised marginal ridges
  • Lingual fossa present
  • Distally skewed cingulum
  • More rounded disto-incisal angle
  • Undulated cervical line on the medial plane
  • 1:1 root:crown ratio
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3
Q

What are the difference between central maxillary incisors and lateral maxillary incisors?

A
  • Laterals have more rounded incised edges
  • The crown of the laterals is shorter and narrower mesiodistally
  • Laterals have a smaller crown
  • Laterals have a more prominent lingual fossa
  • Laterals have thinner roots
  • Laterals have a larger root:crown ratio
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4
Q

What is the FDI notation for the lateral maxillary incisors?

A

12, 22

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5
Q

What is the FDI notation for the central mandibular incisors?

A

31, 41

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6
Q

What are the features of central mandibular incisors?

A
  • Triangular shaped crown
  • Distoincisal angle is marginally rounder
  • Small cingulum
  • Faint marginal ridges
  • Very symmetrical
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7
Q

What is the FDI notation for the lateral mandibular incisors?

A

32, 42

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8
Q

What are the features of lateral mandibular incisors?

A
  • Fan shaped crown
  • Distal flare
  • More rounded disto-incisal angle
  • Longer mesial edge
  • More undulated cervical margin on the mesial surface
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9
Q

What are the difference between mandibular central incisors and mandibular lateral incisors?

A
  • Laterals are wider mesiodistally
  • Laterals have a fan shaped distal flare
  • Centrals are much more symmetrical
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10
Q

What is the FDI notation for the upper canines?

A

13, 23

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11
Q

Describe the features present on the labial surface of the upper canines

A
  • Broad, diamond shaped crown
  • Pointed cusp rather than incisal edge
  • Labial surface convex, with a protruding labial ridge
  • Distal border is longer and more steeply inclined than the mesial border
  • Distal section of the tooth is larger than the mesial
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12
Q

Describe the features present on the palatal surface of the upper canines

A
  • Concave
  • Sometimes split into 2 shallow fossae by lingual ridge which runs from the cusp tip to the cingulum
  • Cingulum distally displaced
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13
Q

In the upper canines, on which surface is the cervical marginal undulation greater?

A

On the mesial surface

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14
Q

Which tooth has the longest and strongest root of the human dentition?

A

Upper canines

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15
Q

Describe the features of an upper canine root

A
  • Longest and strongest of the human dentition
  • Irregularly oval
  • Mesial and distal surfaces of the root usually faintly grooved
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16
Q

Describe the mesial and distal contact areas of the upper canines

A
  • Mesial contact with lateral incisor is more incisal (closer to the cusp tip)
  • Distal contact with 1st premolar = more central (more apical)
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17
Q

What is the FDI notation of the lower canines?

A

33, 43

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18
Q

Describe the features present on the labial surface of the lower canines

A
  • Labial ridges not as prominent, flatter surface
  • Labial surface slanted lingually, with the cusp tip lingually positioned
  • Distal border longer and more steeply inclined than the mesial border
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19
Q

Describe the features present on the lingual surface of the lower canines

A
  • Features such as the cingulum, marginal ridges and fossae less conspicuous than in upper canines
  • Lingual surface more level and uniform - mimics morphology of the lower incisors
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20
Q

Describe the differences in the cusps of upper and lower canines

A
  • Upper canine - cusp tip is almost vertical

- Lower canine - cusp tip is lingually inclined

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21
Q

Describe the features of the root of a lower canine

A
  • Shorter in length, weaker and slimmer than upper canines

- Flatter and less rounded mesio-distally, hence more slender

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22
Q

Describe the position of the amelocemental junction in upper canines on the lingual and labial surfaces

A

The level of the amelocemental junction is equal on the lingual and labial surfaces of the crown

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23
Q

Describe the position of the amelocemental junction in lower canines on the lingual and labial surfaces

A

The amelocemental junction is located more apically on the labial surface as opposed to the lingual surface (lower on the labial surface)

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24
Q

How many premolars are present in the permanent dentition?

A

8

4 mandibular and 4 maxillary

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25
Q

What is the FDI notation for the maxillary first premolars?

A

14, 24

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26
Q

How many cusps do the maxillary first premolars have?

A

2 cusps

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27
Q

How many roots do the maxillary first premolars (usually) have?

A

2 roots

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28
Q

Wha position are the 2 roots of the maxillary first premolars in?

A

One buccal and one lingual

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29
Q

Describe the features present on the occlusal surface of the maxillary first premolars

A
  • Occlusal surface = oval shaped
  • Developmental groove present that does not reach distal marginal ridge
  • Mesial displacement of the palatal cusp
  • Much narrower and lower lingual cusp
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30
Q

Describe the mesial surface of the maxillary first premolar

A
  • Canine fossa - concavity between roots
  • If this is not restored well, can lead to overhang
  • More occlusally located marginal ridge
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31
Q

Describe the distal surface of the maxillary first premolar

A
  • Convex contact area with 2nd premolar

- More apically located marginal ridge

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32
Q

What is the FDI notation of the maxillary second premolar?

A

15, 25

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33
Q

How many cusps does a maxillary second premolar have?

A

2 cusps

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34
Q

How many roots does a maxillary second premolar (usually) have?

A

1 root

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35
Q

Describe the root surface of a maxillary second premolar

A
  • Convex root surfaces that are deeply grooved

- Distal root surface is more deeply grooved (contact point with first molar)

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36
Q

Describe the occlusal surface of a maxillary second premolar

A
  • More symmetrical occlusal surface
  • Sharp mesiodistal fissure that doesn’t reach the marginal ridges
  • Slight mesial displacement of the lingual cusp
  • 2 cusps are similar in height and width
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37
Q

Describe the distal and mesial surfaces of a maxillary second premolar

A
  • Mesial: more occlusally located marginal ride

- Distal: more cervially/apically located marginal ridge

38
Q

What are the similarities between upper first and second premolars?

A
  • 2 cusps
  • Mesial displacement of lingual cusp
  • Both have more occlusally located marginal ridge
  • Oval shaped occlusal surface
39
Q

What are the features present in maxillary first premolars that differ in maxillary second premolars?

A
  • Larger occlusal surface
  • 2 roots
  • Strong mesial displacement of lingual cusp (as opposed to slight mesial displacement of lingual cusp in 2nd)
  • Fissure extends off the mesial marginal ridge
  • Mesial root surface has canine fossa
  • Much narrower and smaller lingual cusp compared to buccal cusp
40
Q

Describe the features present on the occlusal surface of a mandibular first premolar

A
  • Distal displacement of the lingual cusp
  • Slightly narrower and much shorter lingual cusp
  • Small groove running from the mesial pit to the lingual surface
41
Q

Where are the contact points for the mandibular first premolar?

A
  • Narrow canine contact point that is buccally placed

- Broad second premolar contact point

42
Q

Describe the mesial and distal surfaces of a mandibular first premolar

A

Mesial surface: Marginal ridge located more cervically

Distal surface: Marginal ridge located more distally

Lingual cusp is much shorter and there is a strong lingual inclination

43
Q

What is the FDI notation for mandibular first premolars?

A

34, 44

44
Q

What is the FDI notation for mandibular second premolars?

A

35, 45

45
Q

How many cusps do mandibular second premolars have?

A

2 or 3 cusps

46
Q

How many roots do mandibular second premolars have?

A

1 root

47
Q

How many roots do mandibular first premolars have?

A

1 root

48
Q

Describe the occlusal surface of mandibular second premolars

A
  • Circular occlusal surface
  • Mesially displaced lingual cusp
  • Sometimes 2 lingual cusps are present - mesial cusp is the largest
49
Q

Describe the mesial and distal surfaces of a mandibular second premolar

A

Mesial = More occlusally located marginal ridge

Distal = More cervically located marginal ridge

Strong lingual inclination and small difference in cusp height

50
Q

What are the similarities between mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars?

A

Both have 1 root and a lingual cusp with an inclination

51
Q

What are the differences between mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars?

A

1st: Much smaller occlusal surface, distal displacement of the lingual cusp, mesial marginal ridge is cervically located, larger difference in cusp height, smaller oval root
2nd: larger occlusal surface, 2 or 3 cusps, mesial displacement of lingual cusp, mesial marginal ridge is occlusally located, small difference in cusp height, larger rounder root

52
Q

Of the 4 premolars (1st upper, 2nd upper, 1st lower, 2nd lower) which premolar shows distal displacement of the lingual cusp?

A

Mandibular first premolar

53
Q

What is the FDI notation for the upper first permanent molar?

A

16, 26

54
Q

How many roots do upper first molars have and what is their arrangement?

A

3 roots
2 buccal and 1 palatal
The palatal root is in the same plane and the disto-buccal root

55
Q

Which is the longest and strongest of the 3 roots found in upper first molars?

A

The palatal root

56
Q

Describe the occlusal surface of the upper first permanent molar

A
  • Rhomboidal/diamond shape
  • 4 cusps (5 incl. Tubercle of Carabelli)
  • Longest diagonally from mesio-buccal cusp to the disto-palatal cusp
  • Oblique ridge extends across mesio-palatal and disto-buccal cusps
57
Q

Which is the smallest cusp on the occlusal surface of the upper first molar?

A

Disto-palatal cusp

58
Q

Which is the largest cusp on the occlusal surface of the upper first molar?

A

Mesio-palatal cusp

59
Q

Which is the highest cusp on the occlusal surface of the upper first molar?

A

Mesio-buccal cusp

60
Q

What fissure pattern is present on upper first molars?

A

H pattern

Oblique ridge is encompassed by the fissure on each side

61
Q

Where is a Tubercle of Carabelli usually found?

A

On the mesio-palatal cusp of an upper first molar

62
Q

What percentage of upper molars have a Tubercle of Carabelli?

A

60%

63
Q

What is the FDI notation for upper second permanent molars?

A

17, 27

64
Q

How many roots do second permanent molars have and what is their arrangement?

A
  • 3 roots
  • 2 buccal and 1 palatal
    Same arrangement as that of upper first permanent molars
65
Q

Describe the occlusal surface of upper second permanent molars

A
  • Similar features to upper first molars but smaller
  • ## Occlusal surface is triangular shaped (due to small/absent disto-palatal cusp)
66
Q

What is the FDI notation for lower first permanent molars?

A

36, 46

67
Q

How many roots do lower first permanent molars have, and what is their arrangement?

A
  • 2 roots
  • 1 mesial and 1 distal
  • May curve distally
  • Mesial root is wider bunco-lingually; distal root concealed behind it
68
Q

How many cusps do lower first permanent molars have?

A

5 cusps: 3 buccal, 2 lingual

69
Q

What is the fissure pattern on lower first permanent molars?

A

Transverse - extends from buccal surface onto lingual surface
Also a mesio-distal fissure that forms the distal cusp

70
Q

Describe the buccal and lingual surfaces of the lower 1st permanent molar

A

Buccal surface is larger than lingual
Lingually inclined
Caries likely to accumulate in pit in buccal surface

71
Q

What is the FDI notation for the lower 2nd molars?

A

37 and 47

72
Q

How many cusps do lower 2nd molars have?

A

4

Lingual cusps are higher

73
Q

Describe the occlusal surface of lower 2nd molars

A
  • Symmetrical
  • 4 cusps
    • shaped fissure
  • Square shaped
74
Q

Which of the 4 cusps is the largest in lower 2nd molars?

A

The mesio-buccal cusp

75
Q

Of all the teeth, which is the only one that does not have a more occlusally located mesial marginal ridge?

A

Lower 4 (has a more occlusally located distal marginal ridge)

76
Q

On a canine, which contact point is more apically located?

A

The distal contact point, contacting first premolar

77
Q

Which premolar may have 2 or 3 cusps?

A

Mandibular 2nd premolar (Lower 5)

78
Q

During lateral movement of the jaw, which teeth acts as a guidepost?

A

Upper canines (canine guidance)

79
Q

Which tooth has the widest incisal edge?

A

Upper central incisors (11, 21)

80
Q

The occlusal plane has a parallelogram shape allowing the mesial contact point to be positioned buccally. Which tooth is this?

A

Upper 6 (lower first molar)

81
Q

Which tooth has a pit on its buccal surface which is at increase risk of caries?

A

Lower 6 (lower first molar)

82
Q

This tooth has the mesial surface more deeply grooved than the distal surface. Which tooth is this?

A

Upper 4 (upper first premolar)

83
Q

Crown is set at an angle to the root producing a convex labial profile from cusp to apex. Which tooth is this?

A

Lower canines (33, 43)

84
Q

In which tooth is the lingual cusp distally displaced?

A

Lower 4 (lower first premolar)

85
Q

Which tooth has 4 cusps of a similar size and the occlusal surface is square shaped?

A

Lower 7 (lower 2nd molars)

86
Q

Which tooth is diamond shaped with the longer diagonal extending from mesio-buccal to the disto-palatal cusp?

A

Upper 6 (upper 1st molars)

87
Q

The 2 cusps are similar in height and width due to reduction of the buccal cusp. Which tooth is this?

A

Upper 5 (upper 2nd premolar)

88
Q

The lingual surface has a 2 pronounced marginal ridges, where the ridges meet they enclose a depression or fossa. Which tooth is this?

A

Upper 2s (upper lateral incisors)

89
Q

The disto-palatal cusp is greatly reduced and may be absent, making the occlusal surface more triangular. Which tooth is this?

A

Upper 7s (upper 2nd molars)

90
Q

Looking at the crown from the mesial and distal aspects, it appears wedge shaped and leans lingually. There are faint marginal ridges and a small cingulum. Which tooth is this?

A

Lower 2s (lower lateral incisors)

91
Q

Which tooth has a fan-shaped crown with a distal flare?

A

Lower 2s (lower lateral incisors)

BDS1 BAMS: Oral Morphology, Histology and Physiology (10 decks)

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