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BDS1 BAMS: Oral Morphology, Histology and Physiology > Enamel > Flashcards

Enamel Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hardest tissue in the body?

A

Enamel

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2
Q

Which tissue supports enamel?

A

Dentine

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3
Q

What would happen to enamel without dentine to support it?

A

Enamel would break. It is very brittle and fragile. This is one of the reasons restorative procedures fail.

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4
Q

Enamel is translucent. What does this mean?

A

Light can pass through it

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5
Q

What determines the colour of enamel?

A

The colour of the dentine

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6
Q

When does enamel develop?

A

During the embryo stage

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7
Q

Which structure does enamel develop from?

A

Oral epithelium

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8
Q

What effect does mineralisation have on the transparency of enamel?

A

Transparency increases with mineralisation

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9
Q

Which structure is formed first: the crown or the root?

A

Crown

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10
Q

Which cells form enamel?

A
  • Ameloblasts

- Each ameloblast forms one enamel prism

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11
Q

Which cells produce dentine?

A

Odontoblasts

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12
Q

Explain how enamel and dentine are formed

A

Enamel and dentine are produced as matrixes which form a mineralised tissue - they are not produced in their mineralised form

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13
Q

Describe the orientation of enamel rods (prisms)

A
  • Crystallite orientation is determined during enamel formation
  • Crystallites are deposited at right angles to ameloblast membrane
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14
Q

Describe the variations in thickness of enamel at different regions of the tooth

A
  • Surface enamel is more mineralised and harder than deeper enamel
  • Hardness decreases from cusp tip/incisal edge to cervical region
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15
Q

What is the basic unit of enamel?

A

Rod/prism

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16
Q

What are the boundaries of enamel rods?

A

Rods run from the amelo-dentine junction (ADJ) to the surface

17
Q

What are enamel rods made up of?

A

Hydroxyapatite (HA) crystallites

18
Q

Which teeth have thicker enamel: permanent or deciduous teeth?

A

Permanent teeth

19
Q

Describe the content of enamel

A
  • Hydroxyapatite (95% of weight, 90% of volume)
  • Water (4% weight, 5-10% volume)
  • Organic matrix (1% weight, 1-2% volume)
20
Q

Why is losing water and organic content bad for teeth?

A

Makes them more fragile

21
Q

Why can tooth whitening be damaging for teeth?

A

Requires hydrogen peroxide to penetrate tooth and remove proteins and water. Tooth structure loses its strength.

22
Q

What is hydroxyapatite made of?

A

Calcium, phosphate and hydroxyl

23
Q

What is hydroxyapatite called if fluoride replaces the hydroxyl group?

A

Fluoroapatite

Stronger than hydroxyapatite

24
Q

Which organic components are found in enamel?

A

Proteins: amelogenins, enamelins, peptides, amino acids

25
Q

Which teeth are fissures common in?

A

Premolars and molars

BDS1 BAMS: Oral Morphology, Histology and Physiology (10 decks)

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