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Human Growth & Development > Tooth Development- Dr. Bumann (FINAL) > Flashcards

Tooth Development- Dr. Bumann (FINAL) Flashcards

1
Q

First sign of tooth development is at:

A

6-7 weeks IU

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2
Q

Deciduous teeth begin to calcify at:

A

13-20 weeks IU

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3
Q

By ___ week in utero, all deciduous teeth have begun to calcify

A

18-20 weeks

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4
Q

Deciduous teeth erupt at:

A

6-30 months

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5
Q

The first part of the tooth to calcify:

A

crown

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6
Q

What aspect of tooth development occurs in the dental lamina?

A

initiation

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7
Q

What aspect of tooth development occurs in the bud stage?

A

morphogenesis

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8
Q

What aspect of tooth development continues from bud stage to cap stage?

A

morphogenesis

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9
Q

The process of morphogenesis occurs during what stages of tooth development?

A

bud & cap stage

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10
Q

What aspect of tooth development occurs during the bell stage?

A

cell differentiation

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11
Q

What aspect of tooth development occurs during the eruption stage?

A

matrix secretion

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12
Q

What is the most important part of tooth formation?

A

cross-talk between epithelium and mesenchyme

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13
Q

Signals of tooth development originate from the:

A

oral ectoderm

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14
Q

signals that originate from the oral ectoderm cause:

A

the dental mesenchyme to start signaling

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15
Q

List the stages of tooth development that contribute to crown formation:

A
  1. initiation
  2. bud stage
  3. cap stage
  4. bell stage
  5. enamel and dentin formation
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16
Q

The three main categories of tooth formation include:

A
  1. crown formation
  2. root formation
  3. supporting structures
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17
Q

Initiation of tooth formation involves the:

A

dental placode

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18
Q

What plays an important role in getting the mesenchyme that is going to form the teeth into the proper location?

A

neural crest mesenchyme

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19
Q

Where do the majority of our teeth originate?

A

through the first pharyngeal arch where two parts of the maxillary and mandibular processes are

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20
Q

What epithelium epithelium is located between the maxillary and mandibular processes?

A

odontogenic epithelium

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21
Q

List the processes involved in the developing human head:

A
  1. frontonasal process
  2. medial nasal process
  3. lateral nasal process
  4. maxillary process
  5. mandibular process
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22
Q

Where do the four maxillary incisors originate from?

A

the medial nasal process

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23
Q

What is the shape of the primary epithelial band?

A

horse shoe

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24
Q

The primary epithelial band corresponds to:

A

future dental arches

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25
Q

The primary epithelial band gives rise to:

A
  1. dental lamina
  2. vestibular lamina
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26
Q

In tooth development, its the ___ of gene expression that helps to define regions

A

patterning

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27
Q

What two genes are important in presumptive incisor region?

A

BMP4 and Islet-1

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28
Q

What are two genes target the presumptive molar region?

A

FGF8 and FGF9

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29
Q

____ is expressed in the epithelium and ____ is expressed in the mesenchyme where the tooth bud would form

A

Shh; Pax9

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30
Q

Mice have ___ lower incisors and ___ upper incisors, and ____ molars, none of which are ___.

A

2;2;3; succedaneous

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31
Q

What really is the initiation of tooth development?

A

the dental lamina formation

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32
Q

In the process of dental lamina formation, ___ formation results from epithelial thickening

A

placode

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33
Q

In the process of dental lamina formation, what do we see happen to the epithelium?

A

epithelial outgrowth into the mesenchyme

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34
Q

In the process of dental lamina formation, initial odontogenic potential lies in the epithelium but subsequently shifts to:

A

mesenchyme

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35
Q

In the process of dental lamina formation, what induces the oral ectoderm to become the dental lamina?

A

neural crest mesenchyme

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36
Q

In the process of dental lamina formation, the neural crest mesenchyme induces the ___ to become the ____.

A

oral ectoderm –> dental lamina

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37
Q

What develops after dental lamina formation?

A

dental and vestibular lamina formation

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38
Q

The vestibular lamina will form the:

A

vestibule

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39
Q

The vestibular lamina is separated from the surrounding mesenchyme by a:

A

basement membrane

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40
Q

After initiation of tooth development comes the ___ stage

A

bud stage

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41
Q

During the bud stage of tooth development, epithelial cells show:

A

no major changes

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42
Q

During the bud stage of tooth development, what are the different signaling molecules involved in placode formation?

A

Shh, Lef-1, & Eda-Edar

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43
Q

What does placode formation mean and what stage does it take place in?

A

ectoderm thickening; bud stage of tooth development

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44
Q

During the bud stage of tooth development, what happens to the mesenchyme and why does this happen?

A

mesenchyme beneath starts to condense; by factors secreted by epithelium

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45
Q

During the bud stage of tooth development, we have cross-talk between:

A

epithelium and mesenchyme

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46
Q

During the bud stage of tooth development, ____ potential in the epithelium

A

odontogenic

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47
Q

tooth number is determined during:

A

initiation

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48
Q

tooth size and shape are determined during:

A

morphogenesis

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49
Q

tooth tissues and mineralization occurs during:

A

differentiation

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50
Q

Bud stage is extremely important determining:

A

tooth size & shape

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51
Q

The primary enamel knot is formed during:

A

the cap stage

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52
Q

The stage of tooth development in which the epithelium penetrates the mesenchyme and continues to condense:

A

cap stage

53
Q

What happens to the epithelium during the cap stage?

A

proliferation

54
Q

In the cap stage, when the epithelium continues to proliferate, the mesenchyme continues to:

A

condense

55
Q

During the cap stage, the tooth germ is composed of:

A

enamel organ & dental papilla

56
Q

The enamel organ is the:

A

enamel of the tooth

57
Q

Enamel is formed by ___ which is coming from the ___ and NOT the ____.

A

ameloblast; epithelium; not neural crest derived

58
Q

During the cap stage, the dental papilla on the outside forms the ___, while the dental papilla on the inner side forms the ____.

A

dentin; pulp

59
Q

During the cap stage, what aggregates to form the dental papilla?

A

ectomesenchymal cells

60
Q

The bud to cap stage transition is regulated by:

A

signaling molecules and transcription factors

61
Q

During the cap stage, following the early cap stage, next the is the:

A

enamel knot formation

62
Q

During the cap stage, forms some of the supporting structures such as cementum, periodontium, and alveolar bone proper

A

dental follicle or dental sac

63
Q

During the cap stage, the dental follicle or dental sac forms some of the supporting structures such as:

A
  1. cementum
  2. periodontium
  3. alveolar bone proper
64
Q

During the cap stage, the key signaling center that consists of cluster of non-dividing cells and determines cusp formation

A

enamel knot

65
Q

What stage is the enamel knot formed?

A

during the cap stage

66
Q

The enamel knot is a ___ that consists of ___ cells that determine ___.

A

key signaling center; cluster of non-dividing cells; cusp formation

67
Q

There is both ___ & ___ enamel knots

A

primary & secondary

68
Q

What is the third part of the cap stage of tooth development (following enamel knot formation)

A

Cap Stage Histodifferentiation

69
Q

When cells in the enamel organ synthesize glycosaminoglycans in the ECM

A

Cap Stage Histodifferentiation

70
Q

During Cap stage histodifferentiation, cells in the enamel organ synthesize:

A

glycosaminoglycans

71
Q

During Cap stage histodifferentiation, cells in the enamel organ synthesize glycosaminoglycans into the ECM and this make these cells:

A

hydrophilic and pull water into the enamel organ

72
Q

During Cap stage histodifferentiation, the increase in fluid volume force the cells apart leading to the formation of:

A

star-shaped stellate reticulum cells

73
Q

During Cap stage histodifferentiation, what is the purpose of the star-shaped stellate reticulum cells?

A

helps to form the shape of the tooth

74
Q

During Cap stage histodifferentiation, enamel organ epithelial cells start to separate out into:

A
  1. Inner enamel epithelium (IEE)
  2. Outer enamel epithelium (OEE)
75
Q

An important regulator of tooth number (during cap stage):

A

SPRY-2

76
Q

In a study in which the SPRY-2 regulator was knocked out in mice, what occurred and why?

A

additional tooth in diastema region; because SPRY-2 normally blocks the signaling of Shh

So when you knock it out, that regulation is no longer there

77
Q

Name 3 characteristic components of the bell stage of tooth development:

A
  1. secondary enamel knot
  2. amelobasts
  3. odontoblasts
78
Q

In the early bell stage:

  1. Under surface of the epithelium ___ and resembles a ___
  2. _____ formation
  3. ___ attains full size and shape
A
  1. deepens; bell
  2. stratum intermedium
  3. crown
79
Q

Where are the succedaneous teeth formed from?

A

permanent tooth bud/ successional lamina

80
Q

Permanent forms ___ to the deciduous dentition

A

lingual

81
Q

Looking at gene expression, we have a higher level of gene expression of _____ as you move towards the:

A

BMP4 & Msx1; buccal /cheek

82
Q

On the ____ side of the mice you have inhibition of signaling of BMP4 & Msx1 by ____.

A

lingual; Osr2

83
Q

Osr2 is an important regulator of:

A

succedaneous tooth formation

84
Q

What are the two processes that occur during the early bell stage of tooth development?

A
  1. morphodifferentiation
  2. cervical loop formation
85
Q

In the early bell stage, low cuboidal shaped cells are forming in the:

A

OEE

86
Q

In the early bell stage, short columnar shaped cells are forming in the ___ & will differentiate into:

A

IEE; ameloblasts

87
Q

In the early bell stage, the junction of the IEE and OEE is called ___ and is the future site of ___.

A

cervical loop (CL); CEJ

88
Q

In the late bell stage, what happens to the dental lamina?

A

dental lamina breaks and separates tooth from oral epithelium

89
Q

In the late bell stage, the IEE completes folding and forms the:

A

future crown pattern

90
Q

In the late bell stage, the folding of IEE is due to:

A

differential rates of mitotic division in IEE

91
Q

In the late bell stage, under the influence IEE, mesenchymal cells differentiate into ___ that makes ___

A

odontoblasts; dentin

92
Q

In the late bell stage, after the mesenchymal cells differentiate into odontoblasts (under influence of IEE) and make dentin the IEE:

A

Differentiates into ameloblasts and makes enamel

93
Q

What differentiates into ameloblasts to make enamel?

A

IEE

94
Q

In the late bell stage, the site at which IEE differentiates determines:

A

future cusp formation

95
Q

Following the bell stage, what processes occur?

A

enamel, dentin, and pulp formation

96
Q

Enamel formation may also be called:

A

amelogenesis

97
Q

What are the stages of amelogenesis?

A
  1. morphogenetic stage
  2. histodifferentiation stage
  3. initial secretory stage (NO TOMES PROCESS)
  4. secretory stage (TOMES PROCESS)
  5. ruffle ended ameloblast of the maturation stage
  6. smooth ended ameloblast of the maturation stage
  7. protective stage
98
Q

What stage of amelogenesis is the most active laying down of enamel?

A

secretory stage with tomes process

99
Q

Are tomes processes involved ion the initial secretory stage of amelogenesis?

A

NO

100
Q

We see intense synthetic and secretory activity in the ___ stage of amelogenesis

A

secretory stage

101
Q

During the secretory stage of amelogenesis, we have formation of:

A

enamel rod and inter-rod

102
Q

During amelogenesis, the ameloblasts secrete granules on the newly formed:

A

mantle dentin

103
Q

The most outer layer of laid down dentin:

A

mantle dentin

104
Q

Secretory proteins involved in amelogenesis include:

A

amelogenin; ameloblastin; enamelin

105
Q

The proteases involved in amelogenesis include:

A

Enamelysin (MMP20) & Kallikrein

106
Q

During enamel formation this structure is involved in the orientation of enamel:

A

striae of retzius

107
Q

What type of cells makes dentin?

A

odontoblasts

108
Q

What type of cells differentiate into odontoblasts to make dentin?

A

mesenchymal cells

109
Q

First layer of dentin formed by newly differentiated odontoblasts, hypo mineralized, and only in the crown of the tooth (30-50 micrometers thick)

A

mantle dentin

110
Q

Dentin formed during tooth development (4 micrometers per day)

A

primary dentin

111
Q

Dentin formed after tooth eruption (0.4 micrometers per day)

A

secondary dentin

112
Q

Dentin produced in response to injury to protect the pulp: (cariogenic or trauma)

A

tertiary dentin

113
Q

holds the odontoblast together and shoots out their odontogenic processes into the dentin:

A

junctional apparatus/ complex

114
Q

TAKE HOME:

We have pre-odontoblasts that differentiate into ____ & these start to lay down ___.

A

odontoblasts; dentin

115
Q

TAKE HOME: Over the initial layer of dentin, laid down by odontoblasts we have breakdown of the _____.

A

basement membrane

116
Q

TAKE HOME: The breakdown of the basement membrane (over the initial layer of dentin), is where we see ___ go to ___.

A

pre-ameloblast; pre-secretory ameloblast

117
Q

TAKE HOME: The pre-secretory ameloblast in combination with the dentin turn into ___ and the ___ can be laid down.

A

secretory ameloblast; enamel

118
Q

What happens first? Root development or crown calcification?

A

crown calcification

119
Q

In root formation, the IEE and OEE form the cervical loop and proliferate downward to form a double layered structure called ___, also the site of ___

A

Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath; CEJ

120
Q

In root formation, ____ differentiate, and ___ forms

A

odontoblasts; dentin

121
Q

The completion of root formation occurs as it grows apically down towards the:

A

alveolar bone

122
Q

Unlike bone, cementum lacks:

A

blood & nerve supply

123
Q

During cementum formation, fragmentation of ___ causing it to be mostly removed before the cementum is laid down.

A

Hertwig’s Epithelial Root Sheath (HERS)

124
Q

During cementum formation, differentiation of what occurs?

A

cementoblasts

125
Q

During cementum formation, remnants of HERS are called:

A

epithelial rests of malassez

126
Q

Cementum may be ___ or ___

A

acellular or cellular

127
Q

The type of cementum that seems to very lightly line the outside of the root:

A

acellular

128
Q

The type of cementum that is found at the apex & towards the bottom of the root:

A

cellular

129
Q

In individuals that have a larger gap between their cementum and enamel (some peoples do not have gap at all, some even overlap), ____ are exposed and these patients will often complain of ___.

A

odontoblast processes; sensitivity

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