Social and Behavioral Development- FINAL- Dr. Benlap Flashcards
The three types of behavioral development conditioning include:
- classical
- operant
- observational
Pavlov’s Dogs salivation was part of:
classical conditioning
Classical conditioning occurs readily in children, what is an example?
white coat syndrome
Making a dental office look and feel as little like a pediatricians office or hospital as possible and making the first visit a “happy visit” is a way to overcome:
classical conditioning
Operant conditioning is an extension of:
classical conditioning
In operant conditioning, the consequence of a behavior is itself:
a stimulus that can influence future behavior
In operant conditioning, ____ increases the likelihood of a behavior and ____ decreases the likelihood of a behavior:
reinforcement; punishment
In operant conditioning: something is added to encourage a behavior
positive; reinforcement
In operant conditioning: something is removed to encourage a behavior
negative; reinforcement
In operant conditioning: something is removed to discourage a behavior:
negative; punishment
In operant conditioning: something is added to discourage behavior:
positive; reinforcement
When the desired behavior is rewarded:
positive reinforcement
When a desired behavior is rewarded the likelihood of the behavior is:
increased
When a toy is given to a child for a good behavior=
positive reinforcement
Noticing and complimenting improved hygiene:
positive reinforcement
When an unpleasant stimulus is removed as a result of a good behavior:
negative reinforcement
Negative reinforcement will ___ the likelihood of the behavior
increase
Negative reinforcement can go two ways:
- tantrum gets you out of the situation, throw a bigger one next time
- appointment time is shortened due to good behavior (may need to help the patient recognize the association)
Something is taken away as a result of the behavior:
negative punishment
Taking away a toy after a tantrum is a result of:
negative punishment
The punishment in negative punishment is removal of:
a pleasant stimulus
Behavior results in an unpleasant stimulus being presented:
positive punishment
Give an example of a positive punishment:
speeding ticket
What is the most important form of operant conditioning in the dental office?
positive and negative reinforcement
Observational learning is also called:
modeling
The acquisition of behavior by imitation:
observational learning
What are the 2 stages of observational learning?
- acquisition
- performance
When would behavior move from the acquisition stage to the performance stage in observational learning (modeling)?
If the model is liked/respected/trusted
The take home for ____ is to let younger siblings see older siblings behaving and being rewarded for their behavior
observational learning (modeling)
Open treatment areas support: (in ideal situations)
observational learning (modeling)
8 stages of a man refers to:
emotional development
The emotional development 8 stages of man is presented by:
Erik Erikson
8 stages of man is associated with ___ but more important in constant is the ____.
chronological age; sequence
8 stages of man:
step 1 = development of basic:
trust (mistrust)
8 stages of man:
Step 1: development of basic trust (mistrust)
occurs at _____
0-18 months
8 stages of man:
basic trust is developed or lack of is developed at this stage
child is usually very attached to parent at this stage
if patient hasn’t developed basic trust they be fearful and uncooperative
development of basic trust (mistrust) 0-18 months STEP 1
In this stage it is best to treat patient with parent (Knee to knee is a good option)
And you must be caring with child and try to find clues about parental relationship
development of basic trust (mistrust) 0-18 months STEP 1
8 stages of man: autonomy (or shame) 18 months to 3 years:
step 2
- terrible twos
- child finding independence and ability to choose
- if its not their idea it likely won’t happen
Step 2: autonomy (or shame) 18 months to 3 years
During the autonomy (or shame) stage (step 2), its important to:
- give kid choices
- still good to have the parent present
In the 8 stages of man, step 3 is the:
development of initiative (or guilt) 3-6 years old
- physical activity and motion
- tons of questions and very curious
- important to succeed- perceived failure is detrimental
Step 3- development of initiative (or guilt) 3-6 years old
The first dental visit is usually during what period of development? (8 stages of man)
development of initiative (or guilt)
The 4th step of the 8 stages of man is:
industry/mastery of skills (or inferiority) 7-11 years old
The stage in which:
- acquiring academic and social skills which allows them to compete in an environment where those who produce are recognized
- necessity of working together is realized (teamwork)
- peers becoming important
- realistic goals should be set an met
Step 4: industry/mastery of skills (or inferiority) 7-11 years old
Step 4: industry/mastery of skills (or inferiority) 7-11 years old-
____ depends on child understanding what is needed to please parents, dentists, and peers:
compliance
In this stage children are not motivated by abstract things like “a better bite”
Step 4: industry/mastery of skills (or inferiority) 7-11 years old
Step 5 of the 8 stages of man:
step 5= development of identity (or role confusion) 12-17 years
step 5= development of identity (or role confusion) 12-17 yearsIn the stage:
- adolescent years
- realizing one can exist outside the family
- rejecting parental authority
- peer group extremely important
- motivation is internal or external
step 5: development of identity (or role confusion) 12-17 years
In this stage it is very important that the patient in this age group has an internal desire to undergo any prolonged or involved treatment such as ortho treatment:
step 5= development of identity (or role confusion) 12-17 years
Desire to improve appearance sometimes as a result of bullying:
internal desirre
“To get mom off my back”
external desire
Step of 8 stages of man that is characterized by:
- creating close meaningful relationships
- ability to sacrifice and compromise for a relationship
Step 6: development of intimacy (or isolation)- young adult
In thus stage:
- some seek esthetic treatment for improved chance at relationship
- drastic changes in appearance (new look) can possibly interfere with existing relationship as the partner may view the change as altering the relationship
Step 6: development of intimacy (or isolation)- young adult
development of intellectual capabilities via assimilation and accommodation:
cognitive development
cognitive development is related to:
age
Cognitive development involves ____ theory
Piaget’s theory
What are the 4 stages of Piagets theory of cognitive development?
- sensorimotor (0-2)
- pre-operational (2-7)
- concrete operational (7-11)
- formal operations (11+)
incorporating events within the environment into mental categories:
example: child sees something fly —> learns its a bird —> everything that flies is a bird
assimilation
child changes mental categories to better represent the environment:
example: learning to distinguish a fly from a bird
accomodation
____ develops as assimilation and accommodation build on one another
intelligence
in _____ development (0-2 years old)
- discovery reality of objects: they don’t disappear when not being looked at
- limited ability to project forward or backward
- usually aren’t treating patients in this age group but can have patients with disabilities that could fall into any stage of development
sensorimotor development
in pre operational period: 2-7
incapability of seeing another persons point of view:
egocentrism
