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Oral biology > Tooth development > Flashcards

Tooth development Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is tooth enamel derived from

A

Ectoderm

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2
Q

What are all parts of the teeth derived from aside from enamel

A

Ectomesenchyme

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3
Q

Where do teeth develop from

A

‘Tooth germs’

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4
Q

Where does neural crest tissue migrate into

A

Developing face and jaw

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5
Q

When does the primary epithelial band develop

A

approx 6 weeks

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6
Q

When does the dental lamina develop

A

Approx 7 weeks

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7
Q

What does the PEB divide into

A

Vestibular lamina
Dental lamina

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8
Q

What does the vestibular lamina break down to form

A

Buccal sulcus

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9
Q

What does the dental lamina form

A

The enamel organ develops from the dental lamina

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10
Q

What does IUL stand for

A

Intra uterine life

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11
Q

What forms during the ‘cap’ stage

A

External enamel epithelium
Internal enamel epithelium

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12
Q

Where does the external and internal enamel epithelium meet

A

Cervical loop

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13
Q

Why is the ‘cap’ stage named as so

A

The enamel organ forms a ‘cap’ over the papilla

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14
Q

What occurs during the ‘bell-stage’

A

More cell layers become differentiated
Tooth shape is being defined

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15
Q

What are the 4 cell layers present at the ‘bell’ stage

A

Stratum intermedium
Stellate reticulum
Internal enamel epithelium
External enamel epithelium

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16
Q

When does late ‘bell’ stage occur

A

Approx 18 weeks IUL

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17
Q

What occurs during late ‘bell’ stage

A

Crown shape is well defined
Apposition of enamel and dentine begins
Dentine formation established
Enamel formation beginning

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18
Q

Formation ofdentine and enamel

A

Dental papilla cells adjacent to the IEE differentiate into odontoblasts​

Odontoblasts lay down dentine matrix (pre dentin), which is later mineralised​

Once dentine formation has begun, IEE cells differentiate into ameloblasts, which form enamel​

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19
Q

What occurs during detinogenesis

A

-Odontoblast differentiation from IEE​
-Deposition of dentine matrix (mainly collagen)​
-This unmineralized dentine is predentine​
-Mineralisation of dentine (hydroxyapatite)​

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20
Q

What do ameloblasts produce

A

Enamel

21
Q

What are the 2 stages of enamel formation

A
  1. Protein matrix deposited (around 30% mineralised)
  2. The organic part is then removed and mineralisation is completed The ameloblasts change form and function several times during amelogenesis
22
Q

What happens to ameloblasts over time

A

Differentiation
Secretion
Maturation
Regression

23
Q

What are the stages of amelogenesis

A

Ameloblast differentiation
Secretory phase
Maturation phase
Protection phase

24
Q

What occurs during ameloblast differentiation

A

Dentine induces IEE cells to differentiate into ameloblasts​

they elongate, becoming columnar​

the nucleus migrates to the basal end of the cell​

25
Q

What happens during the secretory phase

A

Ameloblasts become secretory cells​

They synthesise and secrete the enamel matrix proteins (amelogenins)​

The matrix is then partially mineralised (30% mineral)​

26
Q

What is the purpose of the maturation stage

A

Most of the matrix proteins are removed​

Mineral content of enamel is increased​

Mature enamel is 95% mineral​

27
Q

Why is there a protection phase in amelogenesis

A

Ameloblasts regress to form a protective layer – the reduced enamel epithelium​

Involved in eruption​

Formation of epithelial attachment​

28
Q

What are the stages in tooth development

A

Initiation - dental lamina

Morphogenesis - bud

Cytodifferentiation - Cap/enamel knot

Matrix secretion - Bell/ ameloblast/odontoblast

Root formation - Erupting tooth/enamel/dentin/pulp

29
Q

Crown formation is completed…

A

Before root formation begins

30
Q

What maps out the crown shape

A

Migration of the cervical loop along with the enamel organ

31
Q

What is the name for apical growth of the cervical loop

A

Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath

32
Q

How is the root shape defined

A

Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath

33
Q

What induces the formation of root dentine

A

HERS - Hertwig’s sheath

34
Q

What happens when the initial layer of root dentine is formed

A

Hertwig’s sheath breaks up (no enamel in root)

35
Q

What are debris of Malassez

A

Remains of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath which may develop into a cyst

36
Q

How is the root formed

A

-HERS induces formation of root dentine
-HERS breaks up and some remains as ‘debris of Malassez’
-Mesenchymal cells from folllicle contact the dentine and differentiate into cementoblasts
-Cementum is formed
-Fibres from developing PDL are embedded into cementum (Sharpey’s Fibres)

37
Q

How is cementum formed

A

Mesenchymal cells from the follicle contact the dentine and differentiate into cementoblasts which form cementum

38
Q

What is a tooth germ

A

A group of cells that eventually form a tooth

39
Q

What are the three parts of a tooth germ

A

Enamel organ
Dental follicle
Dental papilla

40
Q

What do the dental papilla and dental follicle have in common

A

Both consist of ectomesenchyme tissue and originate from the neural crest

41
Q

What type of tissue is the enamel organ

A

Epithelium

42
Q

What does the dental papilla produce

A

Dentine, pulp

43
Q

What does the dental follicle produce

A

Cementum, PDL, part of alveolar bone

44
Q

Where does the enamel organ originate from and what does it produce

A

Originates from ectoderm and produces enamel

45
Q

What is hypodontia

A

Developmental absence of one or more teeth excluding the third molars

46
Q

What is supernumerary ‘mesio-dens’

A

Most common form of supernumerary, presence of extra teeth which don’t form part of the normal dentition

47
Q

What is gemination

A

A single tooth bud splits to form a bifid crown on a single root
Appears to be two teeth developed from one

48
Q

What is Dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

Rare genetic disorder which affects the formation of dentin

Oral biology (12 decks)

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